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Asendorpf, Franz Neyer
     Artikel werden geladen

    Psychologie der Persönlichkeit

    Psychologie der Persönlichkeit

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Springer-Verlag   Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Auflage: 5., vollständig überarbeitete Auflage.
    Erschienen: Januar 2013
    Seiten: 455
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 39.95 €
    Illustration: 144 schwarz-weiße Abbildungen, 110 farbige Tabellen
    Maße: 266x200x32
    Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
    Reihe: Springer-Lehrbuch
    Zum Buch: Book w. online files/update
    ISBN: 9783642302633

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    Inhaltsverzeichnis
    1Persönlichkeit in Alltag, Wissenschaft und Praxis1
    1.1Alltagsverständnis der Persönlichkeit2
    1.2Wissenschaftliche Persönlichkeitskonzepte5
    1.2.1Wissenschaftsparadigmen5
    1.2.2Das psychoanalytische Paradigma8
    1.2.3Empirische Persönlichkeitspsychologie19
    1.3Anwendungen der Persönlichkeitspsychologie20
    2Sechs Paradigmen der Persönlichkeitspsychologie23
    2.1Eigenschaftsparadigma25
    2.1.1Von Sterns Schema zu Cattells Würfel26
    2.1.2Langfristige Stabilität27
    2.1.3Transsituative Konsistenz27
    2.1.4Reaktionskohärenz29
    2.1.5Idiographischer und nomothetischer Ansatz30
    2.2Informationsverarbeitungsparadigma33
    2.2.1Geschwindigkeit der Informationsverarbeitung33
    2.2.2Kapazität des Arbeitsgedächtnisses34
    2.2.3Impulsive vs. reflektive Informationsverarbeitung34
    2.2.4Implizite Einstellungen36
    2.3Dynamisch-interaktionistisches Paradigma39
    2.3.1Vom Behaviorismus zum reziproken Determinismus40
    2.3.2Vom genetischen Determinismus zu Genom-Umwelt-Korrelationen44
    2.3.3Persönlichkeit-Umwelt-Transaktion46
    2.4Neurowissenschaftliches Paradigma49
    2.4.1Biologische Systeme50
    2.4.2Temperamentsforschung53
    2.4.3Methodik56
    2.4.4Stellenwert in der Persönlichkeitspsychologie60
    2.5Molekulargenetisches Paradigma61
    2.5.1Genetik62
    2.5.2Epigenetik65
    2.5.3Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen66
    2.6Evolutionspsychologisches Paradigma68
    2.6.1Prinzipien der Evolution68
    2.6.2Frequenzabhängige Selektion73
    2.6.3Konditionale Entwicklungsstrategien74
    2.7Gesamtüberblick78
    3Methodik81
    3.1Klassifikation von Personen82
    3.2Messung von Eigenschaften83
    3.2.1Skalen83
    3.2.2Verteilung von Eigenschaftswerten84
    3.2.3Korrelation86
    3.2.4Reliabilität89
    3.2.5Validität94
    3.2.6Eigenschaftsbeurteilung97
    3.2.7Verhaltenserfassung100
    3.2.8Persönlichkeitserfassung im Alltag und im Labor102
    3.3Persönlichkeitsfaktoren103
    3.4Persönlichkeitsprofile und Persönlichkeitstypen111
    3.5Persönlichkeitsstörungen115
    3.6Mehrebenenmodelle120
    3.7Kreuzkorrelationsdesigns125
    4Persönlichkeitsbereiche131
    4.1Physische Merkmale133
    4.1.1Körperbau133
    4.1.2Physische Attraktivität134
    4.1.3Exemplarische Anwendung: Halo-Effekte bei der Personalauswahl136
    4.2Temperament und interpersonelle Stile137
    4.2.1Extraversion und interpersonelle Stile138
    4.2.2Neurotizismus139
    4.2.3Kontrolliertheit141
    4.2.4Exemplarische Anwendung: Krankheitsverhalten143
    4.3Fähigkeiten144
    4.3.1Intelligenz145
    4.3.2Kreativität157
    4.3.3Soziale Kompetenz159
    4.3.4Emotionale Kompetenzen163
    4.3.5Exemplarische Anwendung: Assessment Center164
    4.4Handlungseigenschaften168
    4.4.1Bedürfnisse, Motive und Interessen168
    4.4.2Handlungsüberzeugungen182
    4.4.3Bewältigungsstile187
    4.4.4Exemplarische Anwendung: Führungspersönlichkeit und Politikvorhersage191
    4.5Bewertungsdispositionen194
    4.5.1Werthaltungen195
    4.5.2Einstellungen199
    4.5.3Exemplarische Anwendung: Rückfallrisiko für Sexualstraftäter203
    4.6Selbstkonzept und Wohlbefinden206
    4.6.1Ich, Mich und Selbstkonzept206
    4.6.2Selbstwertgefühl208
    4.6.3Dispositionale Aspekte der Selbstwertdynamik210
    4.6.4Wohlbefinden und Lebenszufriedenheit220
    4.6.5 Exemplarische Anwendung: Selbstdarstellung in neuen Medien (Homepages, Facebook,
    Online Dating)223
    5Umwelt und Beziehung227
    5.1Persönliche Umwelt228
    5.2Persönliche Beziehungen234
    5.2.1Egozentrierte Netzwerke und Beziehungsstatus235
    5.2.2Soziometrischer Status238
    5.2.3Das Modell sozialer Beziehungen nach David Kenny238
    5.3Bindungen241
    5.3.1Bindungsstile bei Kindern241
    5.3.2Bindungsstile bei Erwachsenen244
    5.4Soziale Unterstützung251
    Inhaltsverzeichnis
    5.5Persönlichkeit und Partnerschaft254
    5.6Anwendung: Partnersuche mithilfe von Online Dating und Speed Dating258
    5.6.1Online Dating259
    5.6.2Speed Dating260
    6Persönlichkeitsentwicklung263
    6.1Stabilität, Kontinuität und Vorhersagekraft264
    6.1.1Stabilität, Kontinuität und differentielle Entwicklung264
    6.1.2Alterstypische Veränderungen266
    6.1.3Langfristige Stabilität von Persönlichkeitsunterschieden268
    6.1.4Kontinuität von Eigenschaften275
    6.1.5Langfristige Vorhersagekraft der Persönlichkeit279
    6.2Einflüsse284
    6.2.1Direkte und indirekte Einflussschätzung285
    6.2.2Relativer Einfluss von Genom und Umwelt288
    6.2.3Geteilte und nicht geteilte Umwelteinflüsse298
    6.2.4Interaktion und Kovarianz von Genom und Umwelt302
    6.2.5Genetische und Umwelteinflüsse auf Persönlichkeitsentwicklung304
    6.3Wechselwirkungsprozesse zwischen Persönlichkeit und Umwelt308
    6.3.1Intellektuelle Leistungen308
    6.3.2Antisoziale Persönlichkeit314
    6.3.3Schüchternheit321
    6.3.4Exemplarische Anwendung: Umgang mit schüchternen Kindern326
    6.3.5Zusammenfassung327
    6.4Zufall und Notwendigkeit in der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung328
    7Geschlechtsunterschiede333
    7.1Geschlecht und Geschlechtsstereotyp334
    7.2Geschlechtsentwicklung335
    7.2.1Genetisches Geschlecht335
    7.2.2Hormonelles und neuronales Geschlecht335
    7.2.3Entwicklung des Geschlechtsverständnisses337
    7.2.4Entwicklung geschlechtsbezogener Einstellungen339
    7.2.5Entwicklung geschlechtstypischen Verhaltens340
    7.2.6Entwicklung der sexuellen Orientierung341
    7.3Die Größe psychologischer Geschlechtsunterschiede343
    7.3.1Kognitive Geschlechtsunterschiede344
    7.3.2Soziale Geschlechtsunterschiede348
    7.4Geschlechtsunterschiede im Kulturvergleich352
    7.4.1Geschlechtsstereotype im Kulturvergleich353
    7.4.2Kognitive Geschlechtsunterschiede im Kulturvergleich354
    7.4.3Soziale Geschlechtsunterschiede im Kulturvergleich354
    7.5Erklärungsansätze für psychologische Geschlechtsunterschiede356
    7.5.1Psychoanalytische Erklärungsansätze356
    7.5.2Lerntheoretische Erklärungsansätze357
    7.5.3Kognitive Erklärungsansätze360
    7.5.4Kulturpsychologische Erklärungsansätze361
    7.5.5Evolutionspsychologische Erklärungsansätze362
    7.5.6Ein integratives Modell für Geschlechtsunterschiede366
    7.6Koedukation oder Geschlechtertrennung?367
    7.7Zusammenfassung369
    8Persönlichkeit im Kulturvergleich371
    8.1Persönlichkeitsunterschiede und Populationsunterschiede372
    8.2Ökologie, Genpool, Kultur und Persönlichkeit375
    8.3Ökologische Einflüsse378
    8.4Genetische Einflüsse381
    8.4.1Entstehung menschlicher Populationen381
    8.4.2Rassenunterschiede385
    8.5Kulturelle Einflüsse389
    8.6Exemplarische Anwendung: Interkulturelles Training398
    8.7Zusammenfassung399
    9Nachwort: Unterschiede sind menschlich401
    Glossar404
    Literatur423
    Weitere Informationen449
    Stichwortverzeichnis450