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F. Walls, G. F. Milburn
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    Quantum Optics

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    Quantum Optics

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Springer-Verlag   Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Auflage: 2nd revised edition. and
    Erschienen: Januar 2008
    Seiten: 425
    Sprache: Englisch
    Preis: 90.94 €
    Illustration: 100 illustrations
    Maße: 242x165x32
    Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
    Zum Buch: Book
    ISBN: 9783540285731

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    Index


    A

    Adiabatic elimination, 179, 224
    Antibunching, photon, 2
    - laser, 3
    - resonance fluorescence, 205
    - second-order correlation function, 41
    - sub-Poissonian statistics, 42
    Atomic decay rate, transverse, 217
    Atomic operators, collective, 222
    Atomic optics, 5


    B

    Back action evasion, 270
    Bargmann state, 100
    Beam splitter, 273
    Bell inequality, 4, 249
    - CHSH form, 251
    - parametric down conversion, 254
    Bistability, dispersive (linear), 143
    - squeezing spectrum, 147
    Bistability, dispersive (nonlinear), 190
    - Fokker-Planck equation, 190
    Bistability, optical, 224
    - atomic model, 232
    - noise correlation, 224
    Brownian motion, 112
    Bunching, photon, 2
    - second-order correlation function, 39, 40
    - sub-Poissonian statistics, 42


    C

    Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, 32, 79
    Cavity, boundary condition, 121
    Cavity, laser, 229
    Cavity, two-sided, 127
    Chaotic field, see Thermal field Characteristic function, 62
    - optical bistability, 224
    - P representation, 62
    - Q representation, 65
    - quantum coherence, 283
    - Wigner representation, 63, 107
    CHSH inequality, 251
    Clauser-Horne inequality, 255, 259
    Coherence, first order optical, 34
    - Young's interference experiment, 32
    Coherence function, 284
    Coherence, optical, 29
    Coherence, quantum, 283
    - visibility, 283
    Coherent field, 37
    Coherent state, 12, 109
    completeness, 14
    - displacement operator, 12
    - number state expansion, 12
    - Poissonian statistics, 13, 58
    - second-order correlation function, 40, 58
    Coherent state two photon, 18
    Coincidence probability, 261
    Collisional broadening limit, 204
    Complementarity, 247
    Contractive state, 268
    Correlated state, 247
    Correlated state, polarization, 248
    Correlation function, 29
    - general inequalities, 29
    - phase information, 44
    Correlation function, first order, 30
    Correlation function, higher order, 30
    Correlation function, phase dependent, 44
    Correlation function, photon number, 202
    Correlation function, QND, 267
    Correlation function, second-order, 39
    - antibunching, 41
    - bunching, 40
    coherent state, 41
    - number state, 41
    - resonance fluorescence, 205
    - thermal field, 49
    Correlation function, two-time, 53
    - Brownian motion, 112
    - input-output formalism, 127
    - master equation, 93
    - Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, 116
    - parametric oscillator, 136
    - phase diffusion, 237
    - photon counting, 49
    - regularly pumped laser, 238
    - resonance fluorescence, 205
    - two-level atom, 208
    Correlation, intensity, 39
    - Hanbury-Brown Twiss experiment, 1, 30, 38
    - parametric amplifier, 73
    Covariance matrix, 61
    Covariance matrix, stationary, 116


    D

    Density operator, reduced, 93
    Detailed balance, 100
    - harmonic oscillator, 100
    - laser, 232
    Duality, wave-particle, 327


    E

    Efficiency, quantum, 52
    Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, see
    Entangled state, EPR paradox Electric dipole approximation, 203, 225
    Electromagnetic field, 7
    - commutation relations, 10
    - Hamiltonian, 10
    - quantisation, 7
    - vacuum state, 10
    Entangled state, 261, 310
    EPR paradox, 80, 247
    - parametric amplifier, 74
    Error ellipse, 18
    - coherent state, 18
    - Wigner function, 63


    F

    Fock state, see Number state Fokker-Planck equation, 93
    - degenerate parametric oscillator, 177
    - dispersive bistability, 177, 190
    - Green's function, 103
    - potential condition, 101
    - stochastic differential equation, 111
    Four wave mixing, 3, 279
    - degenerate operation, 277
    - noise correlation, 224
    - phase matching, 254
    - QND, 276
    - side-band modes, 351
    squeezing spectrum, 157


    G

    Gain, QND, 271, 276-277
    Gravitational radiation, 267-268


    H

    Hanbury-Brown Twiss experiment, 2, 30, 38
    Harmonic oscillator, damped, 102
    Harmonic oscillator, master equation, 93
    - Fokker-Planck equation, 102, 104
    - transition probabilities, 109-110
    Harmonic oscillator, 7
    - electromagnetic field, 7
    - Heat bath, see Reservoir Hidden variable theory, 250
    Homodyne detection, 44-46
    - four wave mixing, 279-280
    - parametric oscillator, 136-138


    I

    Input-output formulation, 127
    - boundary condition, 131
    - laser fluctuations, 138
    - parametric oscillator, 136-138
    - photon counting distribution, 47
    - squeezing spectrum, 140
    - two-time correlation function, 139
    Intensity fluctuations, laser, 234-237
    Interaction picture, 205
    Interferometer, gravity wave, 159
    - semiclassical behaviour, 162
    - signal variance, 165
    - total noise, 167
    Interferometer, Mach-Zehnder, 309
    Interferometer, polarization, 173
    Interferometry, matter, 1, 172, 316
    Interferometry, optical, 1
    - squeezed light, 3


    J

    Jaynes-Cummings model, 202


    K

    Kapitza-Dirac regime, 379
    Kerr effect, 88, 190
    KTP crystal, 277


    L

    Langevin equation, 112
    - Brownian motion, 112
    - constant diffusion process, 116
    - damped harmonic oscillator, 113
    - four wave mixing, 279
    - input-output formalism, 127
    Laser, 2, 231
    - diode, 231
    - gain, 234
    - phase diffusion, 237
    - Scully-Lamb form, 233
    - sub-Poissonian statistics, 3
    - threshold, 234
    Laser cooling, 5, 365
    Laser, fluctuations, 236
    - intensity, 234-236
    - photon number, 234-235, 240-241
    - pump, 238-241
    - sub-shot noise, 238
    Laser, quantum theory, 231
    Laser, regularly pumped, 239
    Laser, semiconductor, 238, 242
    Lens, atomic, 342
    Linewidth, laser, 237-238
    Liouvillian operator, 118


    M

    Markov approximation, first, 96, 117
    Master equation, 93
    - gravitational wave interferometer, 158, 171
    - optical bistability, 178, 224
    - parametric oscillator, 136
    - resonance fluorescence, 205
    - Scully-Lamb laser, 233
    - two-level atom, 205
    two-time correlation function, 122
    Maxwell's equations, 8
    - Measurement limit, strong, 301
    Measurement theory, quantum, 283
    Micro-cavity, 213
    Microscope, Feynman light, 307
    Minimum uncertainty state, 15
    - parametric oscillator, 149
    - squeezed state, 15
    Mixture, classical, 290


    N

    Noise spectrum, 117
    Normal ordering, 39, 50
    - P representation, 118
    Number state, 10, 57


    O

    Observable, QND, 268
    Optical Bloch equations, 368-371
    Optical tap, 279, 301
    Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, 112
    - Brownian motion, 112
    - constant diffusion process, 116
    - damped harmonic oscillator, 113
    Oscillation threshold, 187


    P

    Parametric amplifier, degenerate, 73
    Parametric amplifier, nondegenerate, 77
    - selected state, 85
    - thermal reduced state, 85
    - two-mode squeezing, 80
    Parametric amplifier, QND, 277
    Parametric down conversion, 3, 73
    - Bell inequality, 254
    Parametric oscillator, 136, 180, 185
    - squeezed state, 185
    Parametric oscillator (linear), 3, 131, 136
    - critical fluctuations, 137
    - Fokker-Planck equation, 136, 138
    - linearisation, 131, 136, 139
    - minimum uncertainty state, 75
    - output correlation matrix, 139
    - squeezing spectrum, 80, 136
    - threshold, 136, 138
    Parametric oscillator (nonlinear), 177
    - quadrature variance, 183
    - semiclassical solution, 215
    - threshold distribution, 184
    Pauli spin operators, 199
    Phase decay, collisionally induced, 204
    Phase diffusion, laser, 237
    - linewidth, 233
    - two-time correlation function, 237
    Phase instability, 152
    Phase matching, 254
    Phase operator, Pegg-Barnett, 25
    Phase operator, Susskind-Glogower, 23
    Photo-detection, 29, 38, 337
    Photon counting, 301
    Photon counting, classical, 46
    - depletion effects, 50
    - ergodic hypothesis, 48
    - generating function, 47
    Photon counting, conditional, 85
    parametric amplifier, 86
    Photon counting distribution, 49
    Photon counting, nonclassical, 69
    - number state, 70
    - squeezed state, 70
    Photon counting, quantum mechanical, 49
    Photon number, QND, 279
    Planck distribution, 58
    Pointer basis, 296
    Poissonian pumping, 231
    Polarization rotator, 254
    P representation, 58, 61
    - Bell inequality, 252
    - chaotic state, 59
    - coherent state, 59
    - harmonic oscillator, 99
    - normal ordering, 135
    - quadrature variance, 44
    P representation, complex, 68
    - coherent state, 69
    - dispersive bistability, 190, 195
    - harmonic oscillator, 107
    - number state, 65
    P representation, generalized, 71, 109
    - bistability, 143
    - harmonic oscillator, 107
    parametric oscillator, 136, 181
    P representation, positive, 71, 115
    - Fokker-Planck equation, 72
    - harmonic oscillator, 107
    - optical bistability, 194
    parametric oscillator, 177
    - twin beams, 151
    Projection postulate, von Neumann, 85
    Pump depletion, 181


    Q

    Q function, 65
    - coherent state, 66
    - harmonic oscillator, 106
    - number state, 66
    - squeezed state, 66-67
    QND measurement, 4, 268-270
    - pointer basis, 296
    - sub-Poissonian statistics, 238
    - two photon transition, 279
    QND measurement, ideal, 268
    Q parameter, 239
    Quadrature phase measurement, 44
    Quadrature phase operator, 81
    Quantisation, electromagnetic field, 7
    - Quantisation, electron field, 213
    Quantum nondemolition measurement, see
    QND measurement Quantum recurrance phenomena, 90
    - Kerr effect, 88
    Quantum regression theorem, 118
    - resonance fluorescence, 205


    R

    Rabi frequency, 390
    Radiation pressure, 160
    Raman-Nath regime, 377
    Recoil energy, 365-366, 372
    Refractive index, nonlinear, 88
    Relative states, 298, 301
    Reservoir, 93
    - collisional process, 398
    - spectrum, 97-98
    - spontaneous emission, 203
    - two-level atom, 98
    Reservoir, squeezed, 96, 144
    - correlation function, 96
    - two-level atom, 98
    Reservoir, thermal, 96
    Resonance fluorescence, 2, 205
    - elastic scattering, 207
    - in elastic scattering, 207
    - quantum features, 207-208
    - spectrum, 206
    Rotating wave approximation, 128, 190, 199, 200, 203, 227, 366
    R representation, 67
    Rydberg atom, 217, 291, 382


    S

    Schrodinger cat, 283
    Second harmonic generation, 146
    - critical behaviour, 146-147, 152
    Second harmonic generation, 156-157
    - twin beams, 155
    Self pulsing, 147
    Shot-noise limit, 173
    - laser, 237, 241
    Signal-to-noise ratio, 172-173, 302
    Spectroscopy, photon correlation, 40
    Spontaneous emission, 203-204
    - master equation, 205-206
    - Wigner theory, 207
    Squeezed state, 15-18, 42^3
    - photon number distribution, 21
    Squeezed state, multimode, 22-23
    Squeezed state, two-mode, 23
    - parametric amplifier, 74
    Squeezing, 3, 81-82
    - four-wave mixing, 279
    - input-output formalism, 127
    - nonlinear susceptibility, 136
    - parametric oscillator, 148
    Squeezing, generator, 74
    - parametric amplifier, 74, 77
    Squeezing spectrum, 147-148
    - dispersive bistability, 143
    - parametric oscillator, 148-149
    - resonance fluorescence, 205-209
    Stability analysis, 145-146
    Standard quantum limit, 168-171, 267
    - gravity wave, 267-268
    State preparation, 270, 271, 276, 333, 335, 384
    Statistics, photon, 43
    - laser, 238
    - micromaser cavity, 382
    - regularly pumped laser, 238-241
    Statistics, photon counting, 46-^17
    Statistics, Poissonian, 2, 42
    - coherent state, 13, 58
    - Kerr effect, 88
    - laser, 238
    Statistics, sub-Poissonian, 2
    - antibunching, 42
    - bunching, 41
    - laser, 2, 49, 238
    - QND, 268
    - resonance fluorescence, 205
    Statistics, super-Poissonian, 42
    Steady-state solution, 145
    Stern-Gerlach effect, optical, 381-387
    Stochastic differential equation, 112-115
    - Fokker-Planck equation, 112-113
    - gravity wave interferometer, 171
    - Ito equation, 112
    - Langevin equation, 112
    - optical bistability, 190
    - parametric oscillator, 181
    Super-Poissonian statistics, 42-44
    Superposition, coherent, 401
    Superposition, macroscopic, 4, 401
    Superposition principle, 283, 325
    Superposition state, 177, 185, 283, 288, 305, 325, 326, 401
    Susceptibility, nonlinear, 190
    Switching time, 188, 191


    T

    Thermal field, 49
    - laser, 49
    - second-order correlation function, 52
    Transition probability, 29
    Tunnelling time, 177, 186-190
    Twin beams, 3, 4, 155
    - critical behaviour, 156
    - pulsed, 155
    - semiclassical steady-state, 208
    - squeezing spectrum, 156, 157
    Two-level atom, 201
    - master equation, 203-204


    U

    Uncertainity principle, 7, 12, 16, 83, 267, 270, 301, 303, 312
    - gravity waves, 267


    V

    Vector potential, 7, 8, 9, 197
    Visibility, 32, 34, 289-291
    Bell inequality, 251, 256
    one-photon interference, 259-260
    quantum coherence, 283


    W

    Wavelength, de Broglie, 397
    Wigner function, 62-65
    - coherent state, 64
    - covariance matrix, 65
    - harmonic oscillator, 107-109
    - number state, 65
    - parametric amplifier, 83-84
    - squeezed state, 64
    Wigner theory, 192
    - resonance fluorescence, 205, 341


    Y

    Young's interference experiment, 1, 32
    - coherent superposition, 281, 297
    - correlation function, 32-34, 38
    - experiments, 32, 35, 37, 38
    - quantum explanation of, 1, 37
    - visibility, 32, 34
    - with atoms, 261