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     Artikel werden geladen

    Biologie der Bäume

    von der Zellbiologie zur globalen Ebene

    Biologie der Bäume
    von der Zellbiologie zur globalen Ebene

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    UTB   Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Erschienen: November 2010
    Seiten: 320
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 39.90 €
    Illustration: 191 Abbildungen, 32 Tabellen
    Maße: 168x237x22
    Einband: Taschenbuch
    Reihe: Uni-Taschenbücher
    ISBN: 9783825284503

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Vorwort8
    Abkürzungsverzeichnis10
    1 Einführung
    Weiterführende Literatur.............. 15 Empfohlene Lehrbücher zur Allgemeinen
    Botanik:16
    2 Zell- und Gewebeebene
    2.1 Aufbau der Zelle und
    Zellorganellen17
    2.1.1Molekulare Organisation17
    2.1.2 Die Vakuole - Speicherraum und
    Hydroskelett22
    2.1.3Zellkern und Zellteilung25
    2.1.4Cytoplasma29
    2.1.5 Bau und Funktion von Chloroplas-
    ten als Orte der Photosynthese30
    2.1.6 Mitochondrien : Orte der Atmung
    und Stoffwechseldrehscheibe41
    2.1.7 Zellwandbildung und Zellwand-
    aufbau46
    3 Organebene
    3.1 Blatttypen, Blattdifferen-
    zierung und Gaswechsel83
    3.1.1Das Blatt und seine Differenzierung83
    3.1.2Blatt-Metamorphosen94
    3.1.3 Der Blatt-Gaswechsel und seine
    Abhängigkeit von Umweltfaktoren94
    3.2 Der Stamm und seine
    strukturelle Differenzierung .. ioo
    3.2.1 Funktionelle Anatomie des Nadel-
    baum-Stammes100
    2.2Zell- und Gewebetypen53
    2.2.1 Meristeme als Ursprung von
    Geweben53
    2.2.2Dauergewebe59
    2.3 Molekularbiologie der
    Holzpflanzen69
    2.3.1Genregulation durch DNA69
    2.3.2Systembiologie72
    2.3.3Biotechnologie der Bäume75
    3.2.2 Funktionelle Anatomie des
    Laubbaum-Stammes105
    3.2.3Regulation der Holzbildung109
    3.2.4Splintholz und Kernholz112
    3.2.5Physiologie der Kernholzbildung114
    3.2.6Sonderformen der Holzbildung116
    3.2.7 Stamm- und Spross-Metamor-
    phosen118
    3.3 Die Wurzel und ihre
    strukturelle Differenzierung119
    3.3.1Anatomie der Wurzel119
    3.3.2 Sekundäres Dickenwachstum der
    Wurzel122
    3.3.3Symbiosen123
    3.3.4 Wurzelatmung und Wurzel-
    exsudate127
    3.3.5Wurzel-Metamorphosen128
    3.4 Blüten, Samen, Früchte,
    Keimung128
    3.4.1Blüten und Samen128
    3.4.2Früchte134
    3.4.3 Embryo, Keimling, Keimung,
    Stratifizierung135
    3.4.4 Coevolution Pflanze und Tier --------138
    4 Ebene der gesamten Pflanze
    4.1 Kronen- und Wurzel-
    architektur141
    4.1.1 Verzweigungsentwicklung und
    Kronenarchitektur141
    4.1.2Wurzelarchitektur151
    4.2 Langstreckentransport
    in Bäumen154
    4.2.1Wassertransport in Bäumen154
    4.2.2Transport von Assimilaten172
    4.2.3 Grundprinzipien des Langstrecken-
    transports von Wasser, Kohlenstoff
    und Stickstoff auf der Ebene der
    ganzen Pflanze185
    4.2.4 Elektrische Langstreckensignale in
    Bäumen187
    4.3 Allokation, Allometrie und
    Konkurrenzverhalten196
    4.4Ernährungsphysiologie207
    4.5 Kohlenstoffbilanz und Sauer-
    stoffproduktion220
    4.6 Stoffbilanzen immergrüner und
    wechselgrüner Bäume224
    4.7 Prinzipien der Baumontogenie:
    Begrenzung in Größe und Alter229
    4.8 Stress und Stressreaktionen
    in Holzpflanzen233
    4.8.1Troposphärisches Ozon234
    4.8.2 Trockene und Nasse Deposition
    auf Pflanzenoberflächen237
    4.8.3Trockenheit239
    4.8.4Überflutung und Staunässe244
    4.8.5Hitze und Kälte247
    4.8.6Schwermetalle250
    4.8.7Feuer - Fluch oder Segen?252
    4.8.8 Konkurrenz - eine Form von
    biotischem Stress253
    4.8.9Pathogene und Herbivorie257
    4.8.10 Symbiose - eine Sonderform
    von Parasitismus oder Räuber-
    Beutebeziehung?258
    4.9Vegetative Vermehrung262
    5 Bestands- und Ökosystemebene
    Strahlung und Photosynthese
    auf Bestandsebene..........
    Brutto-/Netto-Primär-
    produktion und Ökosystem-
    produktivität277
    Transpiration und Wasserbilanz
    auf Systemebene284
    5.1
    267
    5.2
    5.3
    5.4 Rein- versus Mischbestand:
    Produktivität, Wasserver-
    brauch, Risiken291
    5.5Stofflüsse auf Systemebene297
    5.5.1Der Bestand als Super-Organismus?304
    5. Ursachen von Wald- und
    Baumgrenzen30
    Globale Ebene: Holzpflanzen als dominierende Lebensform
    Globale Verteilung und Nutzung 6.7 Holz als Kohlenstoffspeicher328
    der Sonnenstrahlung ......... 312 „ Ä ^ . .
    6.8 Funktion der Holznutzung:
    Netto-Primärproduktion Holzprodukte als Kohlenstoff-
    der Holzpflanzensysteme und senke329
    Kohlenstoff-Vorräte.......... 313 ^ ...
    6.9 Die globalen Kreislaufe
    Was versteht man unter des Stickstoffs, Schwefels und
    Biogeochemie?............... 316 Phosphors329
    Entstehung der Sauerstoff- 6'9'1 Der globale Stickstoff-Kreislauf329
    Atmosphäre und Landpflanzen 318 6'9'2 Der globale Schwefel-Kreislauf333
    6.9.3Der globale Phosphor-Kreislauf334
    Globaler Kohlenstoff-Kreislauf ^ ^ _ . , . . . _ .
    und Global Change ........... 321 610 Globaler Wasserkreislauf und
    Anteil der Vegetationstypen335
    Senkt chronische Ozon- ^.......
    belastung die C-Senkenstärke 6-n Holzpflanzensysteme im Fokus
    6.1
    6.2
    6.3
    6.4
    6.5
    6.6
    der Wälder? 325 des Kyoto-Protokolls336
    Schlussbetrachtung - das Erfolgsmodell Baum
    Sachregister
    Bildquellen
    344
    349