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Artikel werden geladen
Autoren:
Verlag:
UTB Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
| Inhaltsverzeichnis | ||
| Vorwort | 7 | |
| 1 Das Leben und seine Bestand- | ||
| teile | 11 | |
| 1.1 | Der Aufbau von DNA und RNA | 13 |
| 1.2 | Der genetische Code | 16 |
| 1.3 | Die Gene | 17 |
| 1.4 | Die Proteine | 22 |
| 1.5 | Die Zelle | 27 |
| 2 | Grundlagen der Arbeit im Labor | 29 |
| 2.1 | Wasser | 30 |
| 2.2 | Messung des pH-Wertes | 31 |
| 2.3 | Puffer | 32 |
| 2.4 | Waagen | 33 |
| 2.5 | Mikropipetten | 34 |
| 2.6 | Gefäße im Labor | 36 |
| 2.7 | Zentrifugen | 36 |
| 2.8 | Mischen und Konzentrieren | 40 |
| 2.9 | Konzentrieren | 41 |
| 2.10 | Pufferwechsel | 42 |
| 2.11 | Proben-Lagerung | 42 |
| 2.12 | Steriles Arbeiten | 43 |
| 2.13 Die kleinen Freunde - Pflege und | ||
| Aufzucht von Escherichia coli | 45 | |
| 2.14 | Der Aufschluss von Geweben | 50 |
| 3 | Aufreinigung von Nukleinsäuren | 53 |
| 3.1 Gegenspieler erfolgreicher DNA- und | ||
| RNA-Isolationen | 55 | |
| 3.2 | Extraktion von Nukleinsäuren | 58 |
| 3.3 | Die weitere Aufreinigung der DNA | 59 |
| 3.4 Einige ausgewählte | ||
| DNA-Aufreinigungsmethoden | 66 | |
| 3.5 | Die Isolation von RNA | 71 |
| 3.6 | Übersicht über den Einsatz von Kits | 74 |
| 3.7 Tipps zum Erzielen hoher Ausbeuten | ||
| bei der Isolation von Nukleinsäuren | 74 | |
| 3.8 | Quantifizierung von Nukleinsäuren | 75 |
| 4 | Polymerase Kettenreaktion | 79 |
| 4.1 Prinzip der Polymerase-Ketten- | ||
| reaktion | 81 | |
| 4.2 | Die Komponenten der PCR | 81 |
| 4.3 | Geräte für die PCR | 90 |
| 4.4 | Die Standard-PCR | 91 |
| 4.5 | Ausgewählte PCR-Methoden | 91 |
| 4.6 | Anwendungen der PCR | 100 |
| 4.7 | Optimierung der PCR-Reaktion | 101 |
| 5 | Klonieren für Einsteiger | 103 |
| 5.1 | Restriktionsenzyme | 105 |
| 5.2 | Ligation | 113 |
| 5.3 | Dephosphorylierung | 115 |
| 5.4 | Die Transformation von E. coli | 117 |
| 5.5 | Der Weg zum Monierten Gen | 119 |
| 5.6 Der ungerichtete Einbau einer | ||
| amplifizierten DNA in einen Vektor | 119 | |
| 5.7 Der gerichtete Einbau von DNA | ||
| in einen Vektor | 122 | |
| 5.8 Ligase-unabhängige | ||
| Klonierungssysteme | 124 | |
| 5.9 | Wenn es mal nicht klappt | 125 |
| 6 | Vektoren | 127 |
| 6.1 | Plasmide | 129 |
| 6.2 | Klonierungsplasmide | 132 |
| 6.3 | Rekombinase-basierte Klonierung | 136 |
| 6.4 | Expressionsplasmide | 139 |
| 6.5 | Reportergene | 143 |
| 6.6 | Phagen | 146 |
| 6.7 | Phagemide | 147 |
| 6.8 | Shuttle-Vektoren | 147 |
| 6.9 Künstliche Chromosomen: BACs, | ||
| PACs und YACs | 148 | |
| 6.10 Hefen als Klonierungs- und | ||
| Expressionssystem | 149 | |
| .11 | Die Transformation von Pflanzen | 151 |
| .12 Die Transformation von Säugetieren | ||
| und tierischen Zellkulturen | 153 | |
| 7 Elektrophorese von | ||
| Nukleinsäuren | 157 | |
| 7.1 Agarose-Gelelektrophorese | ||
| von DNA | 159 | |
| 7.2 | Die Detektion der DNA im Gel | 164 |
| 7.3 | Präparative Agarosegele | 165 |
| 7.4 Auftrennen von RNA im | ||
| Agarosegel | 167 | |
| 7.5 Fehlersuche bei der Agarose- | ||
| Gelelektrophorese | 168 | |
| 8 | Proteinaufreinigung | 171 |
| 8.1 | Homogenisation | 175 |
| 8.2 | Extraktion von Proteinen | 177 |
| 8.3 | Dialyse und Konzentrierung | 181 |
| 8.4 | Weitere Aufreinigungsschritte | 183 |
| 8.5 | Quantifizierung von Proteinen | 186 |
| 8.6 Aufreinigungsverfahren für | ||
| getaggte Proteine aus E. coli | 189 | |
| 9 Gelelektrophorese von | ||
| Proteinen | 195 | |
| 9.1 Die Polyacrylamid-Gelelektrophorese | ||
| (PAGE) | 197 | |
| 9.2 | Die denaturierende SDS-PAGE | 197 |
| 9.3 | Das Färben der Gele | 206 |
| 9.4 Weitere Elektrophoreseverfahren | ||
| für Proteine | 208 | |
| 9.5 | Western Blotting | 211 |
| 9.6 | Wenn es mal nicht klappt | 214 |
| 10 Immunbiochemische | ||
| Methoden | 217 | |
| 10.1 | Antikörper | 219 |
| 10.2 Prinzipien immunbiochemischer | ||
| Verfahren | 223 | |
| 10.3 Spezifische und unspezifische | ||
| Bindungen | 229 | |
| 10.4 | Immunbiochemische Verfahren | 230 |
| 10.5 | ELISA | 230 |
| 10.6 | Immunfärbung nach Western Blot | 235 |
| 10.7 | Immunoaffinitätschromatographie | 237 |
| 10.8 Weitere Antikörper-basierte | ||
| Methoden | 239 | |
| 10.9 | Wenn es mal nicht klappt | 240 |
| 11 Molekularbiologie für | ||
| Fortgeschrittene | 243 | |
| 11.1 | DNA-Sequenzierung | 245 |
| 11.2 | Bioinformatische Sequenzanalyse | 248 |
| 11.3 Der Einsatz der Bioinformatik für | ||
| die Klonierung von DNA | 250 | |
| 11.4 Vollständige Sequenzen durch | ||
| 3 | ' RACE-PCR und 5' RACE-PCR | 251 |
| 11.5 | Stammsammlungen | 253 |
| 11.6 Identifizierung von Nukleinsäuren | ||
| durch Hybridisierung | 253 | |
| 11.7 | DNA-Chips oder Microarrays | 255 |
| 11.8 | Veränderung von Nukleinsäuren | 256 |
| 11.9 | Synthetische Gene | 260 |
| Anhang | ||
| Al Sicherheit im Labor | 262 | |
| A2 Die 10 goldenen Laborregeln | 263 | |
| A3 Das Laborbuch und die finale Arbeit | 264 | |
| Verzeichnis der Maps, Protokolle, E-Docs, | ||
| Tabellen und Abbildungen | 266 | |
| Abkürzungsverzeichnis | 268 | |
| Quellenverzeichnis | 28 | |
| Register | 29 | |
| Alle E-Docs finden Sie im Internet unter http://www.utb-mehr-wissen.de | ||