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Autoren:
Verlag:
De Gruyter Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
Vorwort-v | ||
Mathematische Grundlagen ——vi | ||
Abhängigkeit der einzelnen Kapitel--vii | ||
Bezeichnungen-viii | ||
1 Einleitung-1 | ||
2 Sigma-Algebren-4 | ||
3 Maße-9 | ||
4 Eindeutigkeit von Maßen-14 | ||
5 Existenz von Maßen-20 | ||
6 | Messbare Abbildungen —- | 28 |
7 | Messbare Funktionen —- | 33 |
8 Das Integral positiver Funktionen - | ||
9 Das Integral messbarer Funktionen | ||
10 Nullmengen——52 | ||
11 | Konvergenzsätze — | 55 |
12 Parameter-Integrale-59 | ||
13 | Riemann vs. Lebesgue —— | 63 |
14 Die Räume und Lp-67 | ||
15 Produktmaße-76 | ||
16 Der Satz von Fubini-Tonelli-81 | ||
17 ? Unendliche Produkte-89 | ||
18 Bildintegrale und Faltung-93 | ||
19 Der Satz von Radon-Nikodym-99 | ||
20 ?Der allgemeine Transformationssatz-104 | ||
21 ?Maßbestimmende Familien-116 | ||
22 ?Die Fouriertransformation-120 | ||
23 ?Dichte Teilmengen in Lp (1 ^ p < oo)-134 | ||
24 ?Die Rieszschen Darstellungssätze-140 | ||
25 ?Konvergenz von Maßen-151 | ||
A Anhang-159 | ||
A.l Konstruktion einer nicht-messbaren Menge-159 | ||
A.2 Berechnungdes Spatvolumens-160 | ||
A.3 Messbarkeit der Stetigkeitsstellen beliebiger Funktionen | ||
A.4 Das Integral komplexwertiger Funktionen-162 | ||
A.5 Regularität von Maßen-163 | ||
A.6 Separabilität des Raums Cc(E)-167 | ||
Literatur-168 | ||
Stichwortverzeichnis-169 | ||
Alle Zahlenangaben beziehen sich auf Seitennummern,(Pr. m.n) verweistauf die Aufgaben (im Kapitel
m) auf der jeweils angegebenen Seite.
absolutstetig, 99
äußeres Maß, 21,146
allgemeiner Transformationssatz, 106,109
Approximation der Identität, 98 (Pr. 18.7), 129
Atom, 8, 32
Banach-Tarski Paradox, 25
Beppo Levi, 42
-für Reihen, 44, 45 (Pr. 8.2) Beta-Funktion, 114 (Pr. 20.2) Bildintegral, 93, 94
Bildmaß, 30
Borelcj-Algebra -auf!, 34
-Spur, 8 (Pr. 2.4), 34
- für Teilmenge, 8 (Pr. 2.4) Borel-messbar, 6, 29
Borelmenge, 6
-Approximation, 166
Cantor-Menge, 2-3
Cauchy-Schwarz Ungleichung, 68
Cavalieri-Prinzip, 76, 84,112
Chebyshevsche Ungleichung, 54 (Pr. 10.4)
<5-Funktion, 11
Dichte(funktion), 50, 99
Dichtheit
-CbnLp dicht in i/,136
-Cc dicht in Lp, 137
-Cf dicht in Cc, 138
-C£° dicht in Lp, 138
- CLip n Lp dicht in Lp, 139 (Pr. 23.5) -^l dicht in C^, 130
-A dicht in Lp, 130
-8 nLp dicht in Lp, 134
Diffeomorphismus, 104
-Kriterium, 105
Differenzierbarkeitslemma, 59
Dirac-Maß, 11
Dirichletsches Integral, 88 (Pr. 16.8) diskretes W-Maß, 11
dominierte Konvergenz (Satz), 56
Dynkin-System, 14,18 (Pr. 4.4) -vs. (j-Algebra, 14
- Erzeuger, 14
- minimales Dynkin-System, 14
Eindeutigkeitssatz (Maße), 16
Eindeutigkeitssatz (Produktmaße), 78
einfache Funktion, 35
- dicht in Lp, 134
-Standarddarstellung, 35
Erzeuger
- Borel-a-Algebra, 6, 7, 34
- Dynkin-System, 14
- Produkt-a-Algebra, 77
-cr-Algebra, 5
Eulersches Integral, 114 (Pr. 20.2) Existenzsatz (Produktmaße), 78
Faktorisierungslemma, 38
Faltung, 95
-Eigenschaften, 95-96
- Friedrichsglättung, 98 (Pr. 18.7) -in ([0,co),-),98 (Pr. 18.5) Faltungssatz, 126
fast überall (f. ü.), 52
Fatous Lemma, 45, 46 (Pr. 8.4), 46 (Pr. 8.5),
51 (Pr. 9.5) Fortsetzungssatz (Produktmaße), 78
Fouriertransformation, 120
- Differenzierbarkeit, 133 (Pr. 22.4)
- Fortsetzung auf!2,131
-Injektivität, 125
- inverse Fouriertransformation, 126
- Normalverteilung, 118,120
- positiv semidefinit, 133 (Pr. 22.4), 150
-Rechenregeln, 121-122
- rotationssymmetrische Funktion, 113
- Satz von Bochner, 150
- und schwache Konvergenz, 129,149 (Pr. 24.3) -Schwartz-Raum, 132
-Symmetrie, 126
- trivialisiert Faltung, 126
- Umkehrformel für Funktionen, 125
- Umkehrformel von Levy, 123,124
- Zusammenhang mit inverser FT, 126
Fresnelsches Integral, 66 (Pr. 13.10)
Friedrichsglättung, 98 (Pr. 18.7)
Frullanisches Integral, 66 (Pr. 13.11)
Fa-Menge, 166
Fubini (Satz), 82
Gamma-Funktion, 61,114 (Pr. 20.2) G^-Menge, 166
Höldersche Ungleichung, 68, 75 (Pr. 14.3) -für0 < p < 1,75 (Pr. 14.11) -für Reihen, 73
Halbring, 20, 77
- kartesisches Produkt, 77
Indikatorfunktion, 34
- Messbarkeit, 34
Integral
- bzgl. Bildmaß, 93, 94
- Eigenschaften, 48
-einfache Funktion, 41
- komplexe Funktion, 50 (Pr. 9.2), 162
- messbare Funktion, 47
- positive Funktion, 42
-rotationssymmetrische Funktion, 113
-bzgl. Zählmaß, 49
Integralsinus, 84,123
integrierbare Funktion, 47
-p-fach integrierbar, 67
- auf einer Menge, 50
-ist f. ü. reell, 53
- Raum ^f1, 47
-Raum J£pt 67
-Raum 1^,69
inverse Fouriertransformation, 126
Jacobi-Determinante, 104
Jacobi-Matrix, 104
Jensensche Ungleichung, 74
Kern/Übergangskern, 46 (Pr. 8.7) Konvergenz (Maße), 129,151,153,155
-siehe auch schwache Konv., vage Konv.,
Konvergenz in Lp, 70
- f. ü. konvergente Teilfolge, 71
-schwach, 149 (Pr. 24.2) Konvergenzsatz -von Lebesgue, 56
-von Riesz, 72
-vonYoung, 58 (Pr. 11.12) konvexe Funktion, 73
Kugelkoordinaten, 110-112
Jzf^Raum, 47
&P/LP-Raum, 67, 69
- Dreiecksungleichung, 68
-ist vollständig, 70
Lebesgue-Maß, 12
- bewegungsinvariant, 12, 32
-Dilatationen, 19 (Pr. 4.9)
- Existenz (auf Rd), 80,148
-Existenz (aufR), 26, 92 (Pr. 17.1)
- lineare Transformation, 32
- Nullmenge, 18 (Pr. 4.1), 27 (Pr. 5.3), 65
- orthogonale Transformation, 31
-ist regulär, 166
-translationsinvariant, 12,17
Lebesgue-Prämaß, 26
Lebesgue-Stieltjes Maß, 27 (Pr. 5.1) Lebesguescher Konvergenzsatz, 56
Lemma
-von Fatou, 45, 46 (Pr. 8.4), 46 (Pr. 8.5),
51 (Pr. 9.5) -von Pratt, 58 (Pr. 11.12) -von Riemann-Lebesgue, 127
-von Urysohn, 117,144
liminf/limsup von Mengen, 8 (Pr. 2.8), 46 (Pr. 8.5)
Markovsche Ungleichung, 53, 54 (Pr. 10.4) Maß, 9
-absolutstetig, 99
-additiv, 9
-äußeres Maß, 21
-mit Dichte, 50
- Eindeutigkeit, 16
- endlich, 9
- Fortsetzung, 20
- monoton, 9
-Produkt, 80
-regulär, 136,145,163
-a-endlich, 9, 46 (Pr. 8.8), 103 (Pr. 19.1) -a-subadditiv, 10
-signiertes, 103 (Pr. 19.3) -singulär, 103 (Pr. 19.2) -stetig, 9,10,12
-subadditiv, 9
- unendliches Produkt, 89
-Vervollständigung, 13 (Pr. 3.7), 27 (Pr. 5.4),
54 (Pr. 10.5), 80 (Pr. 15.2), 159
-Vollständigkeit, 39 (Pr. 7.13)
- W-Maß, 9
maßbestimmende Familie, 116
Maßraum, 9, 80
-endlich, 9
-a-endlich, 9
-W-Raum, 9
messbar
-Borel-messbar, 29
- Lebesgue-messbar, 159
-bzgl. eines Maßes, 21
-Menge, 4
- nicht-messbare Menge, 159
-Stetigkeitsstellen einer Funktion, 162
messbare Abbildung/Funktion, 28, 33
- Eigenschaften, 37
- halbseitig stetig => messbar, 39 (Pr. 7.10)
- Komposition, 29
-Messbarkeitskriterium, 28, 33
-stetig => messbar, 29
Messraum, 9, 77
Minkowskische Ungleichung, 68
-fürO < p < 1,75 (Pr. 14.11)
-für Doppelintegrale, 88 (Pr. 16.10) -für Reihen, 73
monotone Klasse, 15,18 (Pr. 4.5) monotone Konvergenz (Satz), 55
Negativteil (Funktion), 36
Negativteil (Maß), 103 (Pr. 19.3)
Normalverteilung, 118,120
Nullmenge, 13 (Pr. 3.7), 27 (Pr. 5.3), 52, 69, 99
offene Menge, 6
p-fach integrierbare Funktion, 67
Parameterintegral
- Differenzierbarkeit, 59
-Stetigkeit, 59
partielle Integration, 83
Partition der Eins, 144
Plancherei (Satz), 131
Polarkoordinaten, 110-112
Portmanteau-Theorem, 152,153
positives lineares Funktional, 140
- in Cc, 145
-ini/, 1 ^ p < oo, 141
-ist stetig, 140
Positivteil (Funktion), 36
Positivteil (Maß), 103 (Pr. 19.3) Prämaß, 9, 27 (Pr. 5.6)
- Fortsetzung, 20
-Lebesguesches, 26
Produkt-cr-Algebra, 77, 86, 89
-Erzeuger, 77
Produktmaß, 80
-Eindeutigkeit, 78, 89
-Existenz, 78, 89
- unendliches, 89
Produktmaßraum, 80
Produktmessraum, 77
Radon-Nikodym (Satz), 99,101,102
Radon-Nikodym Ableitung, 99
Rechtecke (in Rd)f 6, 20
-sind Halbring, 20
Regularität von Maßen, 136,145,163
Reihenvergleichskriterium, 51 (Pr. 9.3) Riemann-Lebesgue Lemma, 127
Riemann-integrierbar, 63
-Kriterium, 65
- uneigentlich, 66 (Pr. 13.9)
Rieszscher Darstellungssatz
-für Cc, 145
-fürLp, 1 ^ p < oo, 141
rotationssymmetrische Funktion
- Fouriertransformation, 113
-Integral, 113
Satz
-von Beppo Levi, 42
-von Beppo Levi (Reihen), 44, 45 (Pr. 8.2)
-von Bochner, 150
-von Caratheodory, 20
-von der dominierten Konvergenz, 56
-von der monotonen Klasse, 19 (Pr. 4.5)
-von der monotonen Konvergenz, 55
-von Egorov, 51 (Pr. 9.6)
-von Fubini, 82
-von Kolmogorov, 89
-von Lusin, 139 (Pr. 23.7)
-von Plancherel, 131
-von Radon-Nikodym, 99,101,102
-von Riesz-Fischer, 70
-von Tonelli, 81
schwache Konvergenz (Maße), 129,151
-vs. vage Konvergenz, 155
- Kriterien, 152
Schwartz-Raum, 132
Separabilität von 139 (Pr. 23.6)
Separabilität von Cc, 167
cr-additiv, 9
cr-Algebra, 4
-Approximation, 19 (Pr. 4.6), 166
- Boreische, 6
-Erzeuger, 5
- erzeugt von Abbildung, 30
-erzeugt von einem (äußeren) Maß, 21
- minimale cr-Algebra, 5
-Produkt, 77
-Spur, 5,8 (Pr. 2.4)
- topologische, 6
- unendliches Produkt, 89
-Urbild, 5
cr-endlich, 9
cr-subadditiv, 10
signiertes Maß, 103 (Pr. 19.3) Sombrero-Lemma, 36
Stetigkeit
- impliziert Borel-messbar, 29
Stetigkeit (Maß), 9,10,12
Stetigkeitslemma, 59
Stetigkeitssatz von Levy, 149 (Pr. 24.3) Straffheit, 155
Tonelli (Satz), 81
Topologie, 6
Transformationssatz für integrale, 93, 94
- für affin-lineare Transformationen, 104
-für Diffeomorphismen, 106,109
truncation inequality, 133 (Pr. 22.3)
Ungleichung -Cauchy-Schwarz, 68
-Chebyshev, 54 (Pr. 10.4) -i/-Dreiecksungleichung, 68
-Holder, 68,75 (Pr. 14.3)
- Holder (0 < p < 1), 75 (Pr. 14.11) -Holder(Reihen), 73
-Jensen,74
-Markov, 53
-Minkowski, 68
- Minkowski (0 < p < 1), 75 (Pr. 14.11)
- Minkowski (Doppelintegrale), 88 (Pr. 16.10) -Minkowski (Reihen), 73
-Young, 67
- Young (Faltung), 96, 98 (Pr. 18.6) Urysohnsches Lemma, 117,144
vage Konvergenz (Maße), 153
-vs. schwache Konvergenz, 155
-Kriterien, 153
-vage Beschränktheit, 157
-vage Kompaktheit, 158
Verteilung, 31, 93
Verteilungsfunktion, 27 (Pr. 5.1), 85,123
Vollständigkeit von Lp, 70
Volumen
- Einheitskugel, 113
- Einheitssphäre, 113
-Spat, 32,160
Wiener-Algebra, 128
Youngsche Ungleichung, 67
-für Faltung, 96, 98 (Pr. 18.6)
Zählmaß, 11
Zuvallsvariable, 30, 49, 93, 94