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| Table of Contents | ||||||
| Preface | xiii | |||||
| Chapter 1 | Sanitation and the Food Industry | 1 | ||||
| The food industry | 1 | |||||
| What is sanitation? | 3 | |||||
| Why sanitation? | 3 | |||||
| Sanitation laws and regulations and guidelines | 9 | |||||
| Establishment of sanitary practices | 13 | |||||
| Summary | 14 | |||||
| Study questions | 15 | |||||
| Chapter 2 | The Relationship of Biosecurity to Sanitation | 16 | ||||
| Potential risks of foodborne bioterrorism | 17 | |||||
| Bioterrorism protection measures | 17 | |||||
| The role of pest management in biosecurity | 22 | |||||
| Additional bioterrorism information | 22 | |||||
| Summary | 23 | |||||
| Study questions | 24 | |||||
| Chapter 3 | The Relationship of Microorganisms to Sanitation | 25 | ||||
| How microorganisms relate to food sanitation | 25 | |||||
| What causes microorganisms to grow | 30 | |||||
| Effects of microorganisms on spoilage | 34 | |||||
| Effects of microorganisms on foodborne illness | 35 | |||||
| Foodborne illnesses | 36 | |||||
| Microbial destruction | 53 | |||||
| Microbial growth control | 55 | |||||
| Microbial load determination | 55 | |||||
| Diagnostic tests | 62 | |||||
| Summary | 67 | |||||
| Study questions | 67 | |||||
| Chapter 4 | The Relationship of Allergens to Sanitation | 70 | ||||
| What are allergens? | 71 | |||||
| Allergen control | 71 | |||||
| Summary | 75 | |||||
| Study questions | 75 | |||||
| Chapter 5 | Food Contamination Sources | 76 | ||||
| Transfer of contamination | 77 | |||||
| Contamination of foods | 77 | |||||
| Other contamination sources | 80 | |||||
| Protection against contamination | 81 | |||||
| Summary | 82 | |||||
| Study questions | 82 | |||||
| Chapter 6 | Personal Hygiene and Sanitary Food Handling | 83 | ||||
| Personal hygiene | 83 | |||||
| Sanitary food handling | 96 | |||||
| Summary | 97 | |||||
| Study questions | 98 | |||||
| Chapter 7 | The Role of HACCP in Sanitation | 99 | ||||
| What is HACCP? | 99 | |||||
| HACCP development | 101 | |||||
| Interface with GMPs and SSOPs | 106 | |||||
| HACCP principles | 106 | |||||
| Organization,implementation,and maintenance | 111 | |||||
| Summary | 114 | |||||
| Study questions | 114 | |||||
| Chapter 8 | Quality Assurance for Sanitation | 116 | ||||
| The role of total quality management | 117 | |||||
| Quality assurence for effective sanitation | 117 | |||||
| Organization for quality assurance | 119 | |||||
| Establishment of a quality assurance program | 125 | |||||
| Summary | 139 | |||||
| Study questions | 140 | |||||
| Chapter 9 | Cleaning Compounds | 141 | ||||
| Soil characteristics | 141 | |||||
| Effects of surface characteristics on soil deposition | 143 | |||||
| Soil attachment characteristics | 144 | |||||
| Cleaning compound characteristics | 146 | |||||
| Classification of cleaning compounds | 148 | |||||
| Cleaning auxiliaries | 154 | |||||
| Scouring compounds | 156 | |||||
| Cleaning compound selection | 156 | |||||
| Handling and storage precautions | 157 | |||||
| Summary | 163 | |||||
| Study questions | 163 | |||||
| Chapter 10 | Sanitizers | 165 | ||||
| Sanitizing methods | 165 | |||||
| Summary | 188 | |||||
| Study questions | 188 | |||||
| Chapter 11 | Sanitation Equipment | 190 | ||||
| Sanitation costs | 190 | |||||
| Equipment selection | 191 | |||||
| Cleaning equipment | 193 | |||||
| Sanitizing equipment | 210 | |||||
| Lubrication equipment | 211 | |||||
| Summary | 211 | |||||
| Study questions | 212 | |||||
| Chapter 12 | Waste Product Handling | 213 | ||||
| Strategy for waste disposal | 214 | |||||
| Planning the survey | 214 | |||||
| Solid waste disposal | 218 | |||||
| Liquid waste disposal | 218 | |||||
| Summary | 233 | |||||
| Study questions | 233 | |||||
| Chapter 13 | Pest Control | 235 | ||||
| Insect infestation | 235 | |||||
| Cockroaches | 235 | |||||
| Insect destruction | 240 | |||||
| Rodents | 245 | |||||
| Birds | 249 | |||||
| Use of pesticides | 250 | |||||
| Integrated pest management | 252 | |||||
| Summary | 255 | |||||
| Study questions | 255 | |||||
| Chapter 14 | Sanitary Design and Construction for Food Processing | 257 | ||||
| Site selection | 257 | |||||
| Site preparation | 258 | |||||
| Building construction considerations | 258 | |||||
| Processing and design considerations | 260 | |||||
| Pest control design | 265 | |||||
| Construction materials | 266 | |||||
| Summary | 266 | |||||
| Study questions | 266 | |||||
| Chapter 15 | Low-Moisture Food Manufacturing and Storage Sanitation | 268 | ||||
| Sanitary construction considerations | 268 | |||||
| Receipt and storage of raw materials | 272 | |||||
| Cleaning of low-moisture food manufacturing plants | 280 | |||||
| Summary | 281 | |||||
| Study questions | 281 | |||||
| Chapter 16 | Dairy Processing Plant Sanitation | 283 | ||||
| Role of pathogens | 284 | |||||
| Sanitary construction considerations | 286 | |||||
| Soil characteristics in dairy plants | 287 | |||||
| Sanitation principles | 288 | |||||
| Cleaning equipment | 291 | |||||
| Summary | 296 | |||||
| Study questions | 296 | |||||
| Chapter 17 | Meat and Poultry Plant Sanitation | 298 | ||||
| Role of sanitation | 298 | |||||
| Sanitation principles | 306 | |||||
| Cleaning compounds for meat and poultry plants | 308 | |||||
| Sanitizers for meat and poultry plants | 309 | |||||
| Sanitation practices | 312 | |||||
| Sanitation procedures | 314 | |||||
| Troubleshooting tips | 324 | |||||
| Summary | 325 | |||||
| Study questions | 325 | |||||
| Chapter 18 | Seafood Plant Sanitation | 327 | ||||
| Sanitary construction considerations | 327 | |||||
| Contamination sources | 329 | |||||
| Sanitation principles | 330 | |||||
| Recovery of by-products | 334 | |||||
| Summary | 334 | |||||
| Study questions | 334 | |||||
| Chapter 19 | Fruit and Vegetable Processing Plant Sanitation | 336 | ||||
| Contamination sources | 336 | |||||
| Sanitary construction considerations | 338 | |||||
| Cleaning considerations | 340 | |||||
| Cleaning of processing plants | 341 | |||||
| Cleaners and sanitizers | 343 | |||||
| Cleaning procedures | 344 | |||||
| Evaluation of sanitation effectiveness | 346 | |||||
| Summary | 348 | |||||
| Study questions | 348 | |||||
| Chapter 20 | Beverage Plant Sanitation | 350 | ||||
| Mycology of beverage manufacture | 350 | |||||
| Sanitation principles | 350 | |||||
| Nonalcoholic beverage plant sanitation | 352 | |||||
| Brewery sanitation | 355 | |||||
| Winery sanitation | 361 | |||||
| Distillery sanitation | 367 | |||||
| Summary | 369 | |||||
| Study questions | 369 | |||||
| Chapter 21 | Foodservice Sanitation | 371 | ||||
| Sanitary design | 371 | |||||
| Contamination reduction | 374 | |||||
| Sanitary procedures for food preparation | 376 | |||||
| Sanitation principles | 376 | |||||
| Foodservice sanitation requirements | 389 | |||||
| Summary | 391 | |||||
| Study questions | 391 | |||||
| Chapter 22 | Management and Sanitation | 392 | ||||
| Management requirements | 392 | |||||
| Employee selection | 394 | |||||
| Management of a sanitation operation | 396 | |||||
| Total quality management | 400 | |||||
| Summary | 401 | |||||
| Study questions | 401 | |||||
| Index | 406 | |||||