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Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Blickinsbuch.de - Bildatlas Genexpression - Fritz Höffeler
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    Bildatlas Genexpression

    Weitere Titel des Verlages

    Bildatlas Genexpression

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Europa Lehrmittel Verlag  Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Erschienen: Oktober 2011
    Seiten: 217
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 48.30 €
    Illustration: 175 farbige Abbildungen, 26 Fotos, 26 farbige Fotos
    Maße: 240x170x18
    Einband: Taschenbuch
    ISBN: 9783817118854

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    V. GENETISCHE MECHANISMEN
    I. DIE MOLEKÜLKLASSEN
    1.Struktur-Funktions-Beziehungen2
    2.Proteine4
    3.Nucleinsäuren10
    4.Interaktionen16
    		18
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    II. SEQUENZELEMENTE
    1. Allgemeines.......................
    2. Replikationsursprünge.......
    3. Centromere.........................
    4. Telomere............................
    5. Gene...................................
    6. Promotoren.........................
    7. Regulatorregionen..............
    8. Transponierbare Elemente..
    9. Repetitive Elemente...........
    10. Weitere Elemente...............
    		29
    30
    32
    36
    38
    39
    40
    III. CHROMOSOMALE ELEMENTE
    1. Übersicht...........................
    2. Nucleoide..........................
    3. Chromosomen...................
    4. Nucleoide der Organellen..
    5. Virale Chromosomen........
    6. Plasmide............................
    7. Genome.............................
    		42
    IV. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
    Strukturelle Grundlagen..
    1.Übersicht44
    2.Replikation46
    - Strukturen46
    - Prozess48
    - Replisom50
    - Telomere51
    - Chromatinumformung52
    - Regulation, Besonderheiten53
    3.Transkription54
    - Strukturen54
    - Prozess56
    - Initiationskomplexe58
    - Initiation der Pol II59
    - Termination60
    - Chromatinumformung61
    - Transkripte62
    4.Processing63
    - Übersicht63
    - Additionen64
    - Modifikationen65
    - Editing66
    - Spleißen70
    - rRNA76
    - tRNA77
    - mRNA78
    - Zusammenfassung79
    5.RNA-Export80
    6.Translation84
    - Genetischer Code84
    - Strukturen86
    - Prozess90
    - Initiation92
    - Recodierungen93
    7.Zusammenfassung94
    VI. EXPRESSIONSREGULATION
    VIII. VIREN
    1.Übersicht96
    2.DNA98
    - Amplifikation98
    - Transposition99
    - Inversion100
    - Methylierung101
    3.Chromatin104
    - Prokaryoten104
    - Eukaryoten105
    - Dosiskompensation106
    4.Transkription108
    - Übersicht108
    - Prokaryoten109
    - Eukaryoten112
    5.Processing117
    - Poly-A-Stellen117
    - Alternatives Spleißen118
    - Editing120
    6.RNA-Abbau121
    - Übersicht121
    - Allgemeine Abbauwege122
    - RNA-Interferenz124
    - Nonsense Mediated Decay126
    7.Translation128
    - Prokaryoten128
    - Eukaryoten129
    VII. SIGNALE UND KASKADEN U
    1.Allgemeines134
    2.Lichtinduktion135
    3.Immunantwort136
    4.Geschlechtsbestimmung138
    5.Embryonalentwicklung von Drosophila144
    1.Allgemeines150
    2.Bau und Bestandteile152
    3.RNA-Viren154
    4.Retroviren156
    5.DNA-Viren158
    IX. ERGÄNZUNGEN_
    1.RNAs....,160
    2.Histone164
    3.Chromatin166
    4.Interphase-Chromosomen168
    5.DNA-Polymerasen170
    6.RNA-Polymerasen172
    7.Helicasen175
    8.Topoisomerasen176
    9.Promotoren178
    10.Ribosomen180
    11.Translationsfaktoren184
    12.Replikation185
    13.Regulatorproteine186
    14.Geschlechter und Sexualität189
    15.Transponierbare Elemente190
    16.Mengen und Zahlen194
    17.mtDNA195
    18.Gene und Genome196
    - Gentransfer198
    ANHANG
    Abkürzungen200
    Stichwortregister204
    Literaturverzeichnis212

    Register

    ANHANG
    Abkürzungen werden auf den Seiten 200-203
    erklärt. Taxonomische Bezeichnungen,
    Sequenzen, Gene und Transkripte werden ab
    Seite 210 aufgeführt.
    —> „siehe (auch) unter"
    A
    oc-Helix 6, 187
    a-Satelliten 21
    a-Tropomyosine 118, 119
    Achsenbildung 83, 145, 147
    Actinfilamente 83
    Adaptorproteine 80,81,83
    ADAR 67
    Additionen (Processing) 63, 64, 77, 94, Adenin 10, 17, 53, 64, 66 f, 85, 87, 101, 186 f Adenosin 11, 68, 72 f, 75, 89
    A-Form 15
    Aktivatorproteine Transkription 55, 61, 104, 108, 111, 114 f Translation 131 ff Aktivatorregionen Transkription 25, 55, 61, 103, 105, 108, 114 ff, 145
    Translation 131 ff Akzeptorarm (tRNA) 87,89
    Alanin 4, 84, 163
    Aly 82
    Aminasen 79
    Aminierung 67
    Aminoacyl-Adenylat 89
    Aminoacyl-tRNAs 9, 87 f, 89, 180 ff, 184
    Aminoacyl-tRNA-Synthetasen 85, 87, 89 f Aminosäuren 4, 42, 84 f, 89, 186 f -Aktivierung 89
    Amplifikation 53,96,98, Control Element 98
    Androgene 139
    Androkomplex 138, 141
    Androstendion 139
    Ankerregion (gRNA) 69
    Antennapedia-Komplex 148 f Antennapedia-Mutante 148
    Antibiotika 177, 180
    -resistenz 26, 39
    -gene 53, 190 f, 199
    Antigenvariation 99 f Anticodon 84 ff, 88 f, 91, 93
    -Schlaufen 71,77, 81,86 f Antikörper 8,40,117
    Antisense-RNA 53, 96, 160 f, 162
    -Gene 162
    Antiterminationsschlaufe 112
    APOBEC 67
    Apolipoprotein 63, 67 f, 120
    Apoptose 51,118,125,167
    -Inhibitoren 151
    -Regulationsproteine 118
    Archaea 31, 58, 70 f, 77, 79, 85, 104, 173, 177 f -Histone 104, 165
    Architekturproteine 114 f ARE 97, 121 f, 123
    Arginin 4, 84 f, 164, 165, 186
    Argonaut-Protein 124 f Aromatasen 139
    Asparagin 4, 84, 186
    -säure 4, 84
    Aspartat 4, 84
    ATP -Verbrauch 9, 13, 49, 52 f, 57, 61, 73, 81 f, 89, 91 f, 105, 166, 175, 177
    Attenuierung 96, 108,112
    Autosomen 106, 140 f Autospleißen 75-79
    Axon-Leitrezeptor 118 f
    B
    ß-D-Desoxyribose 10
    ß-D-Ribose 10
    ß-Faltblatt 6, 187
    Bakteriophagen 29, 38, 93, 100, 151 f, 154, 162, 173, 175, 177, 185, 190 f, 193, 197, 199
    Balbiani-Ringe 98, 168 f Barr-Körperchen 107
    Basalfaktoren 55, 57
    Basalapparat 55 ff, 59
    Basenpaarungen 11, 17, 69, 72 ff, 84 f, 160, 162, 170 f, 175, 182
    Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix-Motiv 186 f BBP 72 f Bcl-x 118
    B-Form 15
    Bicoid 132 f, 145, 147, 149
    Bicoid Binding Region 132 f Bithorax-Komplex 148 f Bithorax-Mutante 148
    Blastodern 144, 147
    Box A 58,178
    Box B 58,178
    B Recognition Element 58 f Bromodomäne 8, 61, 166
    Bruno 130, 132f Bruno Response Elements 130, 132 f Bypassing (Translation) 93
    c CAF 52
    Calcitonin 118
    Gene Related Protein 118
    CAP 110 f, 187
    -Bindestelle 110,111
    Capping 59, 78 f -Enzyme 65, 78 f, 174
    Capsidproteine 38, 150, 152 ff Capsomere 150 ff Carrier 81
    Catenane 47,49,177
    Caudal 145, 147
    CBC 17, 80, 82,91 f, 97, 122, 129, 131 ff, 151
    CCAAT-Box 24
    CCA-Triplett 64, 77, 79, 86 f, 89
    Cdc 6 49
    Centromer 18, 21, 27 f, 32, 35, 43, 102, 105
    CF 78
    Chaperone 52
    Chiasmata 168 f CHI-Sequenzen 27, 31
    Chloroplasten 37, 194
    Editing 63, 66
    Entwicklung 135
    Genom 37
    Morphologie 37
    Nucleoide 29, 37, 41, 198 f RNA-Polymerase 173
    rRNA-Gene 76
    Spleißen 70
    Translation 91
    tRNA-Gene 77
    tRNA-Processing 77
    Cholesterin 120, 139
    Chondrom 41
    Choriongene 98
    Chromatiden 21
    Chromatin 28, 32 f, 34 f, 52 f, 96, 106, 116, 166 f -domänen 105, 168 f -Isolatoren 105,115,169
    -kondensierung 34, 103 ff, 115, 166 ff -Methylierung 8, 103, 105, 164 ff, 168 f -montagefaktoren 52, 165
    -Remodeling-Complex -»
    Umformungskomplexe -umformung 61, 166, 175
    -umformungskomplexe 52,61,105, 114 ff, 165 f, 175
    Chromodomäne 8,61,166
    Chromomere 169
    Chromosomen 19, 29, 32, 43, 53, 198 f Interphase- 105
    Kondensation 34 f Metaphase- 34, 169
    -satz 40 f, 189
    -territorien 32 f virale 19, 29, 38, 40 f, 43, 53
    chromosomale Elemente 19, 29, 41, 69, 198 f cis-Spleißen 71
    Cistron —»Transkriptionseinheit Coaktivatoren 61, 115
    codogen 84 f codogener Strang 57
    Codon 84 f, 88, 90 f, 93
    -Neudefinition 93
    Cohesine 166 f Colicine 39
    Col-Plasmide 39
    Condensine 34 f, 52, 106, 166 f Corepressor 110 f, 115
    cpDNA —> Nucleoide CPE 97,131 f CPEB 131 ff CpG-Inseln 24, 102 f, 105, 107, 137, 169, 178 f CPSF 59,78,131,174
    CStF 59,78,117,174
    CTCF 102, 187
    CTD 54,57-60,64,78,174
    ctDNA 37,41,43
    Cup 132f Cyanophagen 199
    Cystein 4,17,84
    Cytidin 11, 66 ff Cytoplasma 30 f, 80 f Cytosin 10,85,101,102,186
    Cytoskelett 83
    D
    DEAD-Box 175
    Deadenylierung 96, 121,122 f, 127, 131
    Deadenylasen 121, 123
    Deaminasen 67 f, 79
    Deaminierung 67
    Decapping 96, 121 f, 126f -Proteine 122 f, 126 f Decatenierung 49, 176
    Decodierungszentrum 88,182
    Degeneration (genetischer Code) 85
    Deletionen (Nucleotide) —» Editing
    ANHANG
    Demethylierung (DNA) 103
    Dephosphorylierung 77, 81
    Desoxyribose 10
    Determination (Geschlechtsbestimmung) 13 8
    genotypische 140 f phänotypische 142 f DExD/H-Box 175
    Dicer 124 f Differenzierung (Geschlechtsbestimmung) 138
    Dihydrouridin 65
    Dimethylguanosin 65
    Diploidie 40 f Disulfidbrücke 5, 7
    D-Loop 14,22, 36 f, 51, 185, 195
    DNA 10, 16, 84, 186 f Doppelhelix 11 f, 186 f -Helicasen —» Helicasen -Import 156, 158 f -Ligasen 31, 48 f, 192
    -Methylierung 101 ff -Methyltransferasen 101
    -Polymerasen 31, 46-51,53,151, 170 f, 192, 194
    -Polymerase I 49
    -Polymerase III 49
    -Primasen 46 f -Protein-Interaktionen 16 f, 186 f -Replikation —> Replikation -Superhelix 15, 30, 35 ff, 39
    -Topoisomerasen —> Topoisomerasen DnaA-Box 20,49
    DnaA-Proteine 49,53
    DnaB 49
    DnaC 49
    DnaG 49
    Domänen Nucleinsäuren 76 f Proteine 8, 61, 73, 115 f, 137, 149, 164 f, 175, 186 f, 192
    superhelicale 30 f -mischung 8
    Doppelhelix 11 f Dorsal 145 f Dosiskompensation 106 f Drosha 124 f Drosselelement 112
    DPE 54, 59, 178 f
    DSE 126 f
    E
    Editing 63, 66-69, 77 ff, 95, 175
    fakultatives 96,120, Editosome 66,67,69,161
    eEFs —> Elongationsfaktoren/Translation EFs —»Elongationsfaktoren/Translation Effektoren 111
    (—> Corepressoren) (-»Induktoren) elFs —> Initiationsfaktoren/Translation Binding Proteins 132 f Eikammer 144
    Eipolaritätsgene 145, 147 f Eisenstoffwechsel 129 f Eizelle —> Oocyte EJC 82 f, 126 f Elongation Replikation 48 f, 53, 170 f, 185, 193
    Transkription 56 f, 172 ff Translation 88, 90 f, 180 ff Elongationsfaktoren Transkription 54 f, 56 f, 61
    Translation 9, 86 f, 90 f, 180 f, 184
    Embryonalentwicklung 102 f, 130 f, 141, 143, 144-149
    Endonucleasen 28, 47 ff, 51, 69, 71, 75 ff, 79, 99, 101, 121, 122-127, 130, 191, 193
    endonucleolytische Spaltung 63, 121-127, 130
    endoplasmatisches Reticulum 32 f, 155 f, 159, 180
    Endproduktrepression 111
    Endosymbiose 198 f Engrailed 149
    Enhancer 25, 61, 97, 102, 108, 114 f -blockierende Isolatoren 115 f Envelope 68, 150, 152 f Enzyme 9
    Epigenetik 52, 102, 165
    Episome 39
    eRFs 86 f, 90 f, 126 f7, 184
    Eubakterien 49, 53, 56 ff, 77, 173, 175, 177 f Euchromatin 33, 34 f, 96, 103, 105, 168 f Eukaryoten 29, 40 f, 49 f, 53, 56 f, 62, 76 ff, 90 ff, 97, 101 f, 105, 113 ff, 171, 173, 175, 178, 189 ff, 196-199
    eve-Kontrollsequenz 145
    eve-Protein 187
    Evolution 139, 165, 189, 196, 198 f Excision 26, 38, 71, 170 f, 192 f Exon-Exon-Nahtstelien 82, 126 f, 163
    Exonkassette 118 f Exons 62, 70, 71 f, 73 ff, 78, 82, 113, 118 f, 162, 194
    Exonucleasen 51, 60, 76 f, 79, 121-127, 130, 170 f, 174
    exonucleotytische Spaltung 121-127, 130, 171
    Exosome 123
    Export (RNAs) 80 ff -faktoren 80 ff Exportine 80 f, 124 f ExoUase 69
    F
    FACT 61
    Farbrezeptoren 40
    Fen 49
    Fette 2
    lOnm-Fibrille 33 ff 30nm-Fibrille 34 f, 167 f Fibroblasten 83
    Fis 104
    Flagellenproteine 100
    Flaviviren 38
    Folgestrang 46-50
    Follikelzellen 144, 147
    Footprints 192
    F-Plasmide 29,39
    F-Realisator 138, 140
    G
    y-Komplex 49 f Gag 38
    Gameten 99
    GAP 88
    GC-Box 24, 178 f GEF 88, 90 f, 132 f, 181
    Geminiviren 38
    Genamplifikation 53, 98
    Gene 18, 23 f, 31 f, 35-41, 43, 54, 57, 84 f, 162, 196 ff, 190
    genetische Elemente 19
    genetischer Schalter 114 f Gene Silencing 102 f, 105
    genetischer Code 84, 89
    Genkontrollregion 25,114 f Genome 40 f, 189, 196-199
    Mensch 196
    Mitochondrium 195
    (-»Viren) Genomic Imprinting —> Prägung Gentransfer 198 f Genüberlappung 23
    Geschlechter 102,106,119,138,189
    Geschlechts -bestimmung 138 ff genotypische 140 f phänotypische 142 f -Chromosomen 106 f, 13 9 ff -hormone 139
    -realisatoren 138, 140 f, 143
    -Verteilung 189
    Giant 147, 149
    Gleitklammer 46-50, 52, 185
    globale Kontrolle 111
    Globinsynthese 132 f Glucose 110 f Glutamat 4,84,186
    -rezeptor 67
    Glutamin 4, 84
    -säure 4,84,186
    Glycin 4,84
    Glykoproteine 68, 99, 137, 149, 152 f gRNA 64, 66 f, 69, 160 f, 195
    G-Segment 176 f GTP-Verbrauch 9, 13, 80 f, 90 ff, 132 f, 180 f GTPasen 81, 86 f, 91
    Guanin 10,17,85,186
    Guanosin 11,65,75,79
    -Kappe —> Methylguanosin-Kappe Guanyltransferase 64, 78 f Gynander 139, 141
    Gyno-Komplex 138, 141
    Gyrasen 31,49,177
    H
    Halbseiten-Gynander 139, 141
    Häm 132 f Hämoglobin 40, 132 f Haploidie 40 f HAT —> Histon-Acetyltransferase Haushaltsgene 24, 53, 97, 102, 179
    HDAC —> Histon-Deacetylase Hedgehog 149
    Helicase 46-50, 55, 58 ff, 69, 73, 91 f, 107, 127, 129,175, 183
    -ladeprotein 46 f Helix-Turn-Helix-Motiv 186 f Hermaphrodit 106
    Heterochromatin 33, 34 f, 53, 96, 103, 105 f, 114, 116, 168f Heterosomen 106 f, 139 ff Histidin 4,84
    Histon- Acetylierung 61, 103, 105, 164 ff, 168
    Acetyltransferase 53, 61, 105, 107, 114 f, 151, 165
    ähnliche Proteine 104
    Code 165
    (
    ANHANG
    Deacetylase 103,105,116,151,165
    -faltung 104, 164 f Methyltransferase 105 , 165, 174
    -modifikationen 35, 61, 103, 105, 107, 115 f, 164, 165-169
    Octamer 34 f, 52, 103, 105, 164 f Schwänze 103, 105, 164-167
    Varianten 35, 105, 107, 165, 167 ff Histone 31, 33 f, 35, 52, 103, 105,164 f, 166 ff Hitzeschockreaktion 109
    HL-Proteine 104
    HMG-Proteine 105, 167 f HMT —»Histon-Methyltransferase hnRNAs 78
    hnRNPs 82
    H-NS 104
    HOM-Gene 146, 148 f Homing 75
    Endonuclease 71
    Homöoboxen 149
    Homöodomänen 149, 187
    homöotische Auswahlgene 146, 148 f homöotische Mutationen 148
    Hormone 139, 142 f, 169
    HOX-Gene 149
    Hl-Proteine 34 f, 103
    HU 104
    Hunchback 145, 147, 149
    Hypertranskription 106 f Hypotranskription 106 f i IFs —>Initiationsfaktoren/Translation IHF 104
    Imago 144
    Immunantwort 136 f Immunglobuline 8, 117
    Import (RNAs) 80 f Importine 80 f Importsignale 81
    inc-Gruppe 39
    Induktion (Geschlechtsbestimmung) 13 8
    Induktoren 111
    Inhibitor of NF-kB 136 ff Initiation Replikation 46 f, 48 f, 53, 185, 193
    Transkription 56 f, 58, 174
    Translation 90 f, 92
    Initiationsfaktoren Transkription 54-57, 58, 60, 109, 138, 173,179
    Translation 82, 86 f, 90 ff, 122 f, 129 f, 132 f, 184
    Initiationskomplex Replikation 49,53
    Transkription 25 f, 57, 58 f, 61, 97, 104, 111, 114, 116, 121 ff, 173 f Translation 90 f, 92, 131, 184
    Initiatorproteine (Replikation) 46-49
    Initiator-tRNA 91 f Inner Centromere Protein 167
    Inosin 66 f, 68, 85
    INR-Element 24, 54, 58 f, 178 f Insertion Editing Insertionssequenzen —» IS-Elemente Integrasen 38, 100, 151, 156, 190 ff Integration 26, 38, 156, 192, 193
    Intermediärfilamente 33
    Interphase-Chromosom 105, 168 f Introns 31, 36 f, 62, 70, 71 f, 73-79, 117, 194, 196
    autospleißende 75, 79, 160 f Inversion 96, 100
    Invertase 100
    IR 26,27, 37, 100, 102, 190 f (—> Palindrome) IRES 93, 151
    Iron Regulatory Proteins 129 f Iron Response Elements 97, 129 f IS-Elemente 26, 31, 39, 162,190 ff Isolatoren 25, 97, 102, 105, 115 f Isoleucin 4, 84
    K
    5'-Kappen 64 f, 73, 78-82, 86 f, 90 ff, 121 ff, 126,129, 131, 133, 151, 163, 184
    Karyopherine 81
    Karyopherinsystem 80 f Kassettenmechanismus 99
    Katabolitrepression 111
    Kern -histone 35
    -hülle 32, 159, 180
    -lamina 32
    -matrix 28,33,35
    -phasenwechsel 189
    -porenkomplexe 33, 80 ff Kinasen 77, 130-134, 136 f, 165, 174
    Kinesin 83
    Kinetochor 21
    Kinetoplasten 66 f, 69, 195
    Klammerladeprotein 46 f, 49 f, 93
    Knirps 147
    Kohlenhydrate 2
    Kollagen 40
    Korrekturlesemechanismus 170 f Konjugation 199
    Konsekutivzwitter 142
    Konsensussequenzen Kozak-Sequenz 87
    Promotorsequenzen 24, 179
    Shine-Dalgarno-Sequenz 87, 179
    Spleißstellen 72,74
    Kontrollsequenzen —> Regulatorregionen Körperachsen 83, 130, 144,145 ff, 149
    Kozak-Sequenz 86, 87, 90 ff, 163
    Krüppel 147, 149
    Kryptogene 67, 69
    L
    Lac-Repressor 110, 186
    Lactose 110 f Lagging Strand —> Folgestrang Lampenbürstenchromosomen 168 f Lariat 70, 72, 73 ff Leading Strand —» Leitstrang Leitpeptid 112
    Leitsequenz 97, 112, 163
    Leitstrang 46-50, 170
    Leserasterverschiebung 23, 67 f, 93, 151, 182
    Leucin 4, 84 f, 187
    Leucin-Zipper-Motiv 186 f Lichtinduktion 135
    Liganden 112,128,188
    Ligierung 63, 67, 71, 77, 176 f, 192 f LINE 27, 190, 196
    Lipide 2, 68
    Locuskontrollregion 97, 114 f LSC 37
    LTR 26 f, 38, 102, 156 f, 190-193
    Lückengene 145 ff Lysin 4, 61, 84, 103, 105, 164 f, 168, 186
    Lysozym 38
    M
    MAR 28,35
    Maskin 131 ff Mastergene 99
    MAT-Locus 99
    Maturase 71, 75
    Maxiringe 69
    MCM-Helicase 49, 175
    Mediatoren 61, 114 f, 174
    medRNA 63,74, 160 f Meiose 98 f, 189 13-mer-Sequenz 20,49
    Metaphase-Chromosom 34 f, 167 f Methionin 4, 84 f, 90 ff Methyl -adenosin 65, 101
    -asen 53, 76, 79, 101
    -Bindedomäne 8, 103
    -Bindeproteine 103
    -cytidin 65
    -cyosin 101 f -guanosin 64 f, 73, 123
    -guanosin-Kappe 64, 65, 78-82, 86 f, 90 ff, 121 ff, 126, 131, 133, 163, 184
    -transferasen 65, 78, 101, 103
    -triphosphat 73
    Methylierungen Histone 8, 103, 105, 164 ff, 168 f Nucleotide 8, 65, 76, 79, 96, lOlff, 105, 107, 169, 187
    Mikrosatelliten 27,31
    Mikrotubuli 83
    Miniexongene 74
    Miniringe 69
    Minisatelliten 27
    miRNAs 80 f, 121, 124, 125, 130, 151, 160, 161, 163
    Mitochondrien 36, 194
    Editing 63,66-69
    Genetischer Code 84 f Genom 36, 40, 195, 198 f Morphologie 36
    Nucleoid 29, 36,41, 185,195, 198 f Plasmide 39
    Polyadenylierung 64
    Replikation 36, 185
    Ribosomen 181
    RNA-Polymerase 55, 173
    rRNA-Gene 76
    Spleißen 70
    Translation 91
    tRNA-Gene 77
    tRNA-Import 80 f tRNA-Processing 77
    mobile genetische Elemente —> transponier- bare Elemente mobile Introns 75
    Modifikationen (Processing) 63, 65, 76-79, 94
    Molecular Crowding 31
    Molekülklassen 2
    Motorproteine 83
    M-Realisator 138, 140
    mRNA
    Abbau 83, 96, 121-127, 163
    ")
    """
    ANHANG
    Additionen 64
    Codons 84 f, 88
    Editing 66-69
    eukaryotische 86 f, 90 ff, 163
    Export 82
    Lebensdauer 121, 123, 130
    Lokalisation 83, 163
    Modifikationen 65
    monocistronische 38, 62, 78, 87
    polycistronische 31, 36, 38, 62 f, 78, 87, 92, 151
    Processing 78, 79
    prokaryotische 86 f, 90 ff, 163
    Sequenzelemente 97, 163
    Spleißen 70-75
    Struktur 78, 86, 92, 126
    Translation 90 f, 180, 184
    Transport 80-83, 144
    virale 150
    MSL-Proteine 107
    mtDNA —>Nucleoide Mutasen 171
    Myosin 83
    N
    Nährzellen 144, 147
    Nanos 145, 147
    NES 81
    Neuramidasen 38
    NF-kB 136 f, 188
    N-Formyl-Methionin 84 f, 90 ff N-glykosidische Bindung 10
    NLS 81
    N-Methylguanosin 65
    Nonsense Mediated Decay 82, 96, 121,126 f Nonstop Decay 121
    NPC —»Kernporenkomplexe
    Nuclear Factor-icB —> NF-kB
    Nuclearlamina 32 f Nucleasen 36, 53, 123, 126 f, 151, 170
    (—> Endonucleasen) (—> Exonucleasen) Nucleinsäuren 2, 10, 42 f Interaktionen 16,42
    Nucleocapsid 150, 152 f Nucleoide der Mitochondrien 29,36,41,43,84, 185,195, 198 f der Organellen 19,29,53
    der Piastiden 29, 37, 41, 43, 198 f der Prokaryoten 19, 29, 30, 41, 43, 104, 191, 198 f Nucleoporine 33, 81
    Nucleoside 10
    Nucleosome 35, 52, 61, 105, 165 f Nucleotidbasen 10, 17, 65, 186 f Nucleotide 10,42,170
    Nucleotidyltransferase 64, 77, 79
    Nucleolus 32 f, 168, 183
    Nucleomorph 198
    Nucleus 32 f, 66, 80 ff, 168 f, 198
    Importsignal 73, 81, 137
    (-> Kern)
    O
    Okazaki-Fragmente 46-51
    Oligo-A-Block 59
    Oligo-A-Sequenz 93, 129
    Oligopyrimidine-Tract 129
    Oligo-U-Schwanz 64, 67, 69
    Oocyte 83, 98, 130f, 133, 144 f, 147, 194
    Oogenese 98, 107, 130 f, 143, 169
    Operator 25,31,97,110,111
    Operons 31, 35, 37, 39 f, 54, 110 ff, 128, 190, 199
    ORC 49
    ORF 19,23,78, 86, 163, 190 f Organellen 36 f, 40, 50, 64, 67, 71, 76 ff, 81, 87
    (—> Mitochondrien) Piastiden) ori (—> Replikationsursprung) oriC 20,49
    Origin (—> Replikationsursprung) Oskar 130
    Östradiol 139
    Östrogene 139
    Östron 139
    P
    Paarregelgene 145 f, 149
    Paarungstyp 83, 99
    PABP 82, 87, 90 ff, 121 ff, 127, 129, 131, 151, 184
    Palindrome 12, 15, 27 f, 31, 55 f, 60, 101, 158
    (-> IR) Parasegmente 144 ff, 149
    p-Arm 21 f P-Bodies 124 f PcG-Proteine —> Polycomb Group Proteine PCNA 49
    Pentose 10,65
    Peptidbindung 6, 87, 91, 182
    Peptidyltransferasezentrum 87 f, 91, 182
    Perinuclearraum 33
    Phaeoplasten 37
    Phasenvariation 100
    Phenylalanin 4, 84
    -tRNA 86
    Phosphatasen 174
    Phosphodiester 10, 71, 73, 75, 77, 170 f, 177
    Phosphorsäure 10, 170
    Phosphorylierungen 9, 59, 132 f, 135 ff, 164 f, 174, 188
    Phosphotransferasen 71, 77, 79
    Photorezeptoren 13 5
    Phytochrome 135
    PIC 57, 58 f Pilus 100, 154, 199
    Pionierrunde (Translation) 127
    Plasmide 19, 29, 36, 39, 41, 43, 53, 100, 150, 162, 185, 191, 198 f Piastiden 29, 37, 40, 67, 70, 77, 81, 173, 181, 198 f (—»Chloroplasten) (—> Phaeoplasten) (—> Rhodoplasten) Piastom 41
    Poll 55-58,60,62, 173, 178 f, 183, Pol II 55-62, 64, 78, 172 ff, 178 f Pol III 55-58, 60, 62, 173, 178 f, 183
    pol 38
    Polyadenylierung 64, 78 f, 131
    alternative 96, 117
    Poly-A
    -Polymerase 59, 64, 78 f, 131
    -Ribonuclease 122 f -Schwanz 64, 78, 82, 86 f, 90 ff, 117, 121 ff, 126 f, 131, 151, 163, 184,190, 193
    -Signale 57, 60, 64, 78, 97, 117, 131, 163
    Poly-U-Trakt 112
    Polycomb Group Proteine 105,149
    Polymerase a 49
    Polymerase 8 49
    Polypeptide 88, 90 f Polyploidie 40
    Polysaccharide 2
    Polysomen 180
    Polytänchromosom 98, 168 f Positionseffekt 105
    Prägung 102
    prä
    -gRNA 64
    -miRNA 124, 125
    -mRNA 60, 62 ff, 66-74, 78 f, 118-122, 160
    -RNAs 62 f, 66, 79
    -rRNA 62 f, 66 f, 70 f, 76, 79, 183
    -tRNA 63 f, 66 f, 70 f, 77, 79
    Pribnow-Box 24
    Primärstruktur Phenylalanin-tRNA 86
    Proteine 6
    Nucleinsäuren 12
    Primärtranskripte 62 f, 67, 71, 76 ff Primasen 48 ff Primer 46-51, 53, 151, 162, 171, 185, 193, 195
    Binding Site 157
    -tRNAs 157
    pri-miRNA 124, 125
    Primosom 49
    Processing 44, 63-79, 94 f, 160, 174
    Progesteron 139
    Prokaryoten 25, 29 f, 39, 40 f, 50, 62, 70 f, 76-79, 90 ff, 97, 101, 104, 109 ff, 128, 137, 171, 175, 178, 190 f, 194, 196-199
    Prolin 4, 84
    Promotoren 18, 24 f, 31 f, 36-39, 43, 54, 55, 56-59, 61 f, 99 f, 102-105, 108, 110, 111, 114, 116, 135,178 f alternative 96 f, 108,109,113
    Prophage 193
    Proteine 2, 4, 16,42 f allosterische 9
    DNA-bindende 17, 30 f, 42, 73, 101, 104, 114 f, 149, 186 f Einzelstrang-bindende 47 ff Interaktionen 16,42
    sequenzspezifisch bindende 16, 97
    Protoandrie 142 f Protogynie 142 f Provirus 151, 193
    Pseudogene 28,196
    Pseudoknoten 12
    Pseudouridin 65, 76
    -Synthasen 76,79
    PTC 126 f ptDNA 37, 198 f Puff (Polytänchromosom) 98, 168 f Purine 10
    Pyrimidine 10
    Pyrimidinfolge 72 f
    Pyrrolysin 84 f
    Q
    q-Arm 21 f Quartärstruktur 7
    (
    ANHANG
    R
    -10-Region 24, 58, 178 f -35-Region 24, 58, 178 f RanGDP 80
    RanGEF 81
    RanGTP 80, 125
    RBD 73
    rDNA -> rRNA-Gene Recodierungen (Translation) 93,163
    Regulation Chromatinstruktur 103, 169
    DNA-Methylierung 101 ff Replikation 53,58,98,162
    Transkription 61, 99 f, 102-107, 108-116, 135, 138, 145149
    Translation 122-127,128-133, 138, 145, 149, 163
    Regulatorproteine 186 f, 188
    mRNA-Abbau 123
    Transkription 25, 55, 61, 96, 102 f, 105, 108,111, 114,115, 135-138, 145-149, 186 ff Translation 122 f, 126-133
    (—> Aktivatorproteine) (—> Repressorproteine) Regulatorregionen (Transkription) 18, 25, 31 f, 38 f, 43, 55,97, 105, 108, 111, 114,115, 145, 148, 163
    Regulon 111
    Reinitiationskomplex 56 f, 60
    Rekombinationen 36, 100, 189, 191, 193
    REP-Elemente 27,31
    repetitive Elemente 18, 26, 27, 31 f, 35-38, 43, 190-193, 196
    Replicase 150, 153 ff Replikation 44, 46-53, 94, 101 f, 162, 169 f, 175,185
    Bakteriophagen 185
    mtDNA 36, 185, 195
    Plasmide 162, 185
    Regulation 53,58,98,162
    transponierbare Elemente 191,192 f Viren 151, 154-159, 185
    Replikationsgabel 46, 49 f, 52, 193
    Replikationsursprung 18, 20, 31 f, 36 f, 39, 43, 47, 48, 49, 53, 98, 162,185, 195
    replikative Transposition 26
    Replisom 50, 52
    Repressorproteine Transkription 55, 104, 108, 110 f, 114 f, 116
    Translation 129-132
    Repre ssorregionen Transkription 25, 55, 105, 108, 116, 145
    Translation 129-132
    Resistenzgene 26, 39, 190 f Resistenzplasmide 100
    Resolvase 26, 190 f Restriktionsendonucleasen 28, 101
    Restriktionsenzyme 101
    Restriktionsmodifikationssystem 101
    Retrohoming 75
    Retrotransposition 193
    Retrotransposons 26, 157,190 ff Retroviren 27, 38, 150 f, 156 f, 190 f, 199
    Reverse Gyrase 177
    Reverse Transkriptase 26, 38, 51, 71, 75, 150 f, 156 f, 190 f, 193
    Reverse Transkription 156, 157, 193
    RFs —» Terminationsfaktoren/Translation RFC 49
    Rho 54,56,60,175
    -Terminator 56, 60
    Rhodoplasten 37
    Ribonucleasen 76
    Ribonucleoproteine 14, 23, 35, 63, 65, 73, 76 ff, 78, 80 f, 87
    Riboschalter 97,112,128, 160 f, 163
    Ribose 10,65
    ribosomales Hüpfen 93
    Ribosomen 14, 33, 76, 85 ff, 112, 126 f, 129, 153, 163,180 ff, 184
    Anzahl 194
    Bindestellen (A-, P-, E-Stelle) 87 f, 90 ff, 182
    -bindestelle (mRNA) 87, 90 f Decodierungszentrum 88, 182
    Funktionsweise 88, 181, Organellen 181
    Peptidyltransferasezentrum 87 f, 91, 182
    Proteine 80, 87 f, 129, 181, 183
    Scannen 90, 129
    Struktur 88, 180 f Synthese 129, 175,183
    Untereinheiten 88, 90 ff, 180 f, 183
    Ribozyme 15, 70 f, 73, 75, 77, 87 f, 160 f Ringklemme 49
    RISC 124 f R-Loop 14,53
    RNA 10, 15 f, 23, 194
    -Bindeproteine 73, 83
    -Editing —»Editing -Export 80 f, 155 f -Helicasen —»Helicasen -Import 80 f, 155
    -Interferenz 96,124 f -Intermediat 26
    -Ligasen 69,71,77,79
    polycistronische 31, 36 ff, 76-79
    -Primer —»Primer -Polymerasen 25, 38, 47, 54 f, 56 ff, 60, 66 f, 104, 108, 110 ff, 115 f, 151, 167,172 ff, 178 f, 194
    (—»Replicase) -Sorten 160 f -Transport 44, 73, 80 ff, 95
    -Triphosphatase 78
    -Viren 67
    -Welt 161
    Wirkungsweisen 160
    RNAP RNA-Polymerase RNasen 49, 76 f, 125, 157, 160 ff, 191
    Rolling Circle—» a-Modus roXl/2 107, 160 f RPA 49
    R-Plasmide 29,39
    RRF 91
    rRNA
    Genamplifikation 53, 98
    -Gene Eukaryoten 33,62,194
    Mitochondrien 36, 195
    Piastiden 37
    Prokaryoten 62, 109, 178
    Transkription 57 f, 102
    Lebensdauer 121
    Modifikationen 65
    Processing 76, 79, 175
    repetitive Sequenzen 28
    Ribosomen 88, 91,181 f
    -Transport 80 f
    Translation 87,92, 160 f
    RNPs —»Ribonucleoproteine
    s o-Faktoren 54, 56 ff, 108 f, 128, 173, 178 f a-Modus 60,98,159,185
    SAR 28
    Satellitensequenzen 27
    Scanning (Translation) 90 ff, 129
    SECIS 93
    Segmente 144, 146, 149
    Segmentierungsgene 146 f Segmentpolaritätsgene 146, 149
    Sekundärstruktur Proteine 6
    mRNA 91 ff, 96, 108, 112, 128 ff Nucleinsäuren 12, 71, 73 f, 76, 124 f rRNA 87
    tmRNA 163
    tRNA 86
    Seitengruppen (Aminosäuren) 4 f Selenocystein 4, 84 f, 93
    Seneszenz 51
    Sequenzelemente 18 f, 43, 160, 179
    Serin 4, 84 f, 133, 164 f, 174, 186
    Sexualität 189
    Shine-Dalgarno-Sequenz 86, 87, 90 f, 92, 128, 162 f interne 93, 151
    Shufflon 100
    Shuttle-Proteine 81 f, 123
    Sigma-Faktoren —> o-Faktoren Signal Recognition Particle 14, 160 f, 180
    Signalsequenzen 72, 74, 96, 123, 163
    (—» Bicoid Binding Region) (—» RB Recognition Element) (—» Bruno Response Element) (-> CAP-Bindestelle) (-> CCAAT-Box) (-» CHI-Sequenzen) (-> CPE) (-> Dna A-Box) (-> Enhancer) (—»eve-Kontrollsequenz) (-» GC-Box) (-> INR-Element) (-> LTR) (—» 13-mer-Sequenz) (—»mRNA-Sequenzelemente) NES) (-» NLS) (—> Oligo-A-Sequenz) (-> Poly-A-Signale) (—»Promotoren) (-»SECIS) (—» Silencer) (—»Terminationsschleife) (-» Terminator) (-> TOP) (-» Zipcode) Signalverarbeitung 134 ff Silencer 25,97,108,115
    siRNA 101 f, 121, 124, 125, 160 f SIR-Proteine 105
    SL-Sequenz 74
    SLsnRNP 74
    SINE 27, 190, 196
    Sm-Proteine 73
    SMC-Proteine 35, 166
    snoRNAs 76, 160 f
    ^
    ANHANG
    snoRNPs 76,79,161,183
    snRNAs 62,64,72,74,81
    snRNPs 72 ff Solenoid-Modell 34,35
    Spacer 28, 114,115
    Spleißen 70-75, 76-79, 82, 95, 175
    alternatives 96, 113, 117,118 f, 162
    Spleißfaktoren 72 ff, 82, 118
    Spleißosome 70, 72, 73, 74, 78 ff, 82, 161, 174
    Spleißstellen 72 f, 75, 77
    SRP —» Signal Recognition Particle SR-Proteine 78
    SSB-Proteine 49, 151
    SSC 37
    Start-Codon 23, 84-87, 90 ff, 113, 128, 163
    Staufen 83
    Stickstoffbasen 10
    Stopp-Codon 23, 68, 84-87, 90-93, 117, 120 f, 126 f, 163
    STR 27
    Streifenmodul 114 f Strukturproteine 30 f Substitutionen (Nucleotide) —» Editing Substratinduktion 110 f Superhelices 15, 30 f, 35 ff, 39, 104, 176 f Surveillance Complex 126 f Syncytium 144, 149
    T
    e-Modus 53, 159, 185
    Tailless 147
    Tap 82
    TATA-Box 19, 24, 54, 58 f, 61, 179
    TBP 57 ff Telomer 18, 22, 27, f, 32, 35, 43, 51, 99, 105
    Telomerase 14, 51, 160 f Telomerschlaufe 22
    Temperatur 128, 138 f, 142
    TERC 51
    Terminal Repeats 159, 190 f Terminasen 185
    Termination Replikation 48 f Transkription 56, 57, 60
    Translation 90 f Terminationsfaktoren Transkription 54 f, 57, 60
    Translation 86 f, 90 f, 184
    Terminationspunkt (Replikation) 49
    Terminationsschleife 108, 112, 173
    Terminator (Transkription) 28, 54, 55 ff, 60, 163
    ternärer Komplex (Translation) 90 ff, 132 f TERT 51
    Tertiärstruktur Histone 164
    Nucleinsäuren 12, 75 f Proteine 6
    rRNA 87
    tRNA 86
    Testosteron 139
    TFs —»Transkriptionsfaktoren Thermosensoren 97,128 4-Thiouridin 65
    Threonin 4, 84, 133, 164 f Thymidin 11
    Thymin 10, 17, 186
    TIFs 56 ff Ti-Plasmide 39
    T-Loop 22
    tmRNAs 160 f, 163, Toll 145, 147
    Toll-like Receptors 136 f TOP 129
    Topoisomerasen 15, 31, 47 ff, 55, 93, 104, 167,176 f, 194
    Torpedo-Modell 60
    Torso 147
    Transduktion 199
    Transester-Reaktionen 71, 73 ff Transformation 199
    Transkription 23, 25, 44, 54-61, 94, 172 ff abortive 57
    virale 154-159
    Transkriptions -einheit 62, 76
    -faktoren 25, 27, 54 f, 56-61, 104, 109, 114 ff, 128, 135, 137 f, 145, 147, 149, 173 ff, 178 f, 187
    alternative 96, 108,109, 179
    -regulation 61, 97, 99 f, 102-107, 108-116, 135, 138, 145-149, 167, 187 f -termination 28, 56 f, 60, 108, 173, 175
    Translation 44, 83, 84-93, 95 f, 112, 175, 180 ff virale 154-159
    Translations -faktoren 9, 82, 86 f, 90, 91 f, 122 f, 129 f, 132 f, 147, 180 f, 184
    -regulation 122-127,128-133, 147, 162 f -termination 27, 85, 90 f, 126 f, 163
    Translokation —> Transposition Translokation (Ribosomen) 181
    Translokator 180
    Transpeptidierung 91
    transponierbare Bakteriophagen 31
    transponierbare Elemente (—» Transposons) 18, 26, 31 f, 43, 71, 75, 102,190-193
    Transposase 26, 162, 190 f, 192
    Transposition 26, 96, 99, 192 f duplikative 99,193
    Transposons 26 ff, 31, 39, 101 f, 124 f, 150, 190-193
    trans-Spleißen 71,74
    trans-Translation 163
    tra-Region 39
    Trimethylguanosin-Kappe 64, 79, 81
    Triphosphatase 79
    Triplett-Codierung 84 f Tripletts 67, 68 f, 84, 88, 120
    Triplex-Strukturen (DNA) 14,162
    Trithorax Group Proteine 147
    tRNA
    Addition 64
    Beladung 87, 89 f Gene Mitochondrien 36, 195
    Prokaryoten 62
    Lebensdauer 121
    Modifikationen 65
    Primer 157
    Processing 77, 79
    Sekundärstruktur 86 f Sorten 87
    Spleißen 70 f Tertiärstruktur 86 f Translation 84-88, 90 ff, 160 f, 163, 180 f Transport 80 f Trp-Repressor 110 f, 187 f Tryptophan 4, 84 f, 110 ff T-Segment 176 f Tsix 107, 160 f TTF1 60
    TUTase 64,69
    Tyrosin 4, 84, 177
    u U2AF 72 f UCE 58
    UFB 58
    Uracil 10,64,73,85
    Uridin 11,65-69
    U-snRNAs 62, 72 ff, 80 f, 160 f U12-Spleißosome 74 3'-UTR 78, 83, 86, 87, 92 f, 97, 121, 123 ff, 130, 132 f, 163 5'-UTR 78, 86, 87, 91 f, 97, 112 f, 121, 128 f, 163, 184
    V
    Valin 4,84
    Verzweigungsstellen 72 ff Verstärker —> Enhancer Viren 29, 38, 63, 66, 124 f, 133, 137, 150-159, 198
    Chromosomen 19, 29, 38, 40 f, 43, 62, 81
    Gene 60, 151, 175
    Genome 150 f, 154 ff, 158 f, 159, 197 ff Reproduktion 151, 154-159, 185
    RNAs 81, 150 f RNA-Polymerasen 55, 151
    Transkripte 68,71,150
    Viroide 160 f
    Virushülle 68, 150, 152 f
    w Wachstumsphasen 104, 109
    Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen 4, 6, 11, 75, 186 f Wobble-Paarungen 85
    X
    X-Chromosom 103, 106 f, 139 ff, 143, 161
    XCI —»X-Inaktivierung X-Inactivation Centre 107
    X-Inaktivierung 107, 161
    Xist 107, 160 f
    Y
    Y-Chromosom 107, 139 ff
    z ZBP 83
    Zellkern —»Nucleus Zellzyklus 31, 50 f, 53, 103, 129, 133, 165, 167, 185, 188
    Z-Form 15
    Zinkfmger-Motiv 186 f Zipcode 83
    Zwitter 142 f
    n
    Taxonomische Bezeichnungen Acanthamoeba castellanii 66 f Adenoviridae 38, 150 ff, 167, 197
    Agrobacterium rhizogenes 199
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens 199
    Alligator mississippiensis 142 f Amphibia 169
    Amphiprion percula 142 f Animaba 66 f, 120, 125, 189
    Anthirrinum majus 190
    Apis mellifera 140 f Arabidopsis thaliana 22, 40, 68, 135, 197, 199
    Arenaviren 151, 153
    Arthrobacter nicotinovorans 199
    Arthropoda 189
    Aves 165
    Bacillus subtilis 101,112,197
    Bacteroides fragilis 100
    Bakteriophage B3 191
    Bakteriophage D3112 191
    Bakteriophage X 151,185
    Bakteriophage MS2 151,154
    Bakteriophage Mu 100, 190 f, 193
    Bakteriophage T4 93,152,177,197
    Beta vulagaris 29
    Bonellia viridis 142 f Brevibacterium albidum 101
    Bryozoa 189
    Bunyavirus 153
    Caenorhabidits elegans 21, 40, 66, 102, 106, 127, 130, 140 f, 149, 197
    Canabis sativa 139
    Candida 84
    Canis familiaris 197
    Carica papaya 140
    Cephalopoda 189
    Ceratopteris richardii 143
    Chlamydomonas 37, 84
    Chlorella ellipsoidea 70
    Ciliata 84,98
    Circoviridae 150
    Cnidaria 189
    Coronaviridae 150, 152
    Crithidia 66 f Crustacea 139
    Ctenophora 189
    Cucumis sativus 142 f Dictyostelium 22
    Dinoflagellata 167
    Diptera 169
    Drosophila ananassae 199
    Drosophila melanogaster 26, 40, 53, 66, 83 f, 98, 102, 106, 107, 114, 118 f, 123, 125 ff, 130, 131 ff, 139 ff, 144-149, 169, 174, 179, 187, 190, 194, 197, 199
    Drosophila willistonii 199
    Ebola-Virus 66,68
    Echinoidea 165
    Epstein-Barr-Virus 151
    Escherichia coli 20, 29, 31, 39 f, 49, 57, 60, 62, 76 f, 84, 89, 93, 100 f, 109 ff, 128, 162 f, 172, 175, 179, 181 f, 187, 190 f, 194, 197, 199
    Eublepharis macularius 142 f Euglena 70,74
    Euplotes 84
    Euryarchaeotes 162, 178
    Eutheria 103
    Flaviviren 38
    Fugus rubripes 197
    Fungi 70,91
    Gallus gallus 105,197
    Geminiviridae 38, 150
    Gobiodon his trio 142 f Haemophilus haemolyticus 101
    Haemophilus influenzae 31,40,197
    Helicobacter pylori 40
    Hepadnaviridae 150
    Hepatitisviren 66,68,151
    Herpesviridae 38, 151 f, 159
    Herpes-simplex-Virus 151, 159
    HIV 151, 156, 191, 197
    Homo sapiens 22, 29, 36, 40, 66, 76 f, 114 f, 118, 125, 127, 130, 149, 175, 178 f, 190, 194 ff Human Parvovirus 158
    Human Rotavirus 154
    Influenzaviren 151, 199
    Influenza-A-Virus 15 5
    Insecta 139, 141
    Kachuga smithii 13 9
    Kinetoplastiden 63 f, 69, 74
    Labrus mixtus 142 f Leishmania 66 f, 81
    Lepidoptera 139
    Leviviridae 150
    Listeria monocytogenes 30,128
    Loligo peali 66
    Lycopodiales 189
    Macroclemys temminchii 139
    Mamestra brassicae 21
    Mammalia 66, 81, 84, 102, 106 f, 126 f, 133, 139, 141, 162, 174, 181, 187
    Marburgvirus 153
    Marchantiapolymorpha 29, 139
    Marsupialia 66, 107
    Melandrium album 139
    Mesozoa 189
    Metazoa 74,82
    Methanococcus janaschii 40, 84, 197
    Microviridae 150
    Mimivirus 151
    Mus musculus 21, 40, 102, 106, 117, 139, 140, 141, 149, 197
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis 191, 199
    Mycoplasma genitalium 29, 31, 84, 197
    Myxomycota 63, 66
    Nanoviridae 150
    Nematoda 70,74,84
    Nemertini 189
    Neurospora crassa 102
    Nicotiana glauca 199
    Nicotina tabacum 29, 37
    Nocardia otitidis-cariarum 101
    Ophryotrocha puerilis 142 f Orthomyxoviridae 150, 155
    Oryza sativa 40,197,199
    Oryzias latipes 139
    Oxytricha 22
    Pan troglodytes 197
    Parainfluenzavirus 153
    Paramyxoviren 66
    Parvoviridae 158
    Physarum polycephalum 66, 70
    Physcomitrella patens 77
    Picornaviren 151, 153
    Pisces 169
    Pisum sativum 37, 181
    Plantae 66, 74, 76, 81, 84, 102, 125, 139, 189
    Platemys 139
    Plathelminthes 84, 189
    Pockenviren 151 f, 176 f, 199
    Polioviren 151
    Polydnaviren 151
    Porifera 189
    Prosthetobacter dejongeii 199
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa 191
    Pulmonata 189
    Rattus rattus 119
    Reoviridae 150, 154
    Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus 153
    Retroviridae 27, 38, 150 f, 156 f, 190 f, 199
    Rhabdoviridae 150
    Rhizobium et Ii 128
    Rous-Sarkom-Virus 191
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae 21 f, 29, 40, 76 f, 81, 83 f, 86, 99, 102, 105, 118, 123, 126 f, 167, 174 f, 178, 181, 190, 194, 197
    Salmonella 100
    Saltatoria 139
    Scenedesmus obliquus 70
    Schizosaccharomyces 22
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe 102
    Sciaridae 98
    Sparus aurata 142 f Spiroplasma 84
    Strongylocentrotus purpuratus 197
    SV40 29, 167
    Tabakmosaikvirus 150, 152
    Talaeporia tubulosa 143
    Testudines 139
    Tetrahymena 22
    Tetrahymena pyriformis 70
    Totiviridae 150
    T-Phagen 150
    Trachemys scripta elegans 139, 142 f Trematoda 74
    Trypanosoma 22, 63, 66 f, 69, 70, 74, 81, 99, 195
    Trypanosoma brucei 69
    Tunicata 189
    Vertebrata 66, 74, 84, 102 f, 105, 120, 123, 133, 137, 139, 149, 165, 187, 189, 196
    Wolbachia pipientis 199
    Xenopus laevis 76, 98, 123, 131 ff, 178, 194
    Zea mays 143,190
    3
    ANHANG
    Einzelne Sequenzen, Gene und Transkripte a-Amylase 113
    a-Globin 123
    a-Tropomyosin 118 f abdominal A 146, 148 f Abdominal B 148 f ^-Element 190
    Acetylcholinesterase 117
    Actin 83, 179, 194
    Adhäsine 100
    Antennapedia 148 f, 179
    Apolipoprotein B (APOB) 120
    Apoptose-Regulationsproteine (bei-jc) 118
    Axon-Leitrezeptor (DSCAM) 118 f ß-Globin 62, 105
    Bakteriophage Mu 190
    bieoid 145 ff Calcitonin/CGRP 118
    caudal 132 f, 145 ff Chorion-Gencluster 98
    Complementary Sex Determiner (csd) 141
    Copia 26, 190
    decapentaplegic 145, 147
    Deformed 148 f Dihydrofolatreduktase (DHFR) 98,179
    dnaX 93
    dorsal 145, 147
    Double Sex (Dsx) 118 f Ds-Element 190
    Dystrophin 113
    eALAS 129
    Eisenstoffwechsel 129
    engrailed 146
    env 156
    eve 114
    -Kontrollsequenz 145
    even-skipped 145 f, 149
    F-Element 190
    Ferritine 129
    Ferroportin 129
    Flagelline (Hl, H2) 100
    F-Plasmid 29,39
    fushi-tarazu 145 f, 149
    gag 156,190f giant 145 f Globin 132, 133
    -Gene luster 114
    Glucokinase 113
    Glutamatrezeptor (GluR-B) 120
    hairy 145 f, 149
    Haupthistokompatibilitätskomplex (MHC) 102
    hedgehog 146
    her-1 106
    His-Operon 112
    HL-Proteine 104
    hunchback 145 f Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (Igf-1) 113
    Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (Igf-2) 102, 113
    Immunglobulin, schwere Kette (Ig^2b) 117
    IS-Elemente 190
    Klammerladeprotein (dnaX) 93
    knirps 145 f Krüppel 145f labial 148 f lacA 110
    lacl 110
    Lac-Operon 40, 62, 110 f lacY 110
    lacZ 110
    let-7 130
    lin-4 130
    LINEs 190, 193, 199
    LTR-Retrotransposons 190
    m-Aconitase 129
    Mating Type-Locus 99
    MSL-Komplex 107
    MYC 113
    NADH-Cytochrom-b5-Reduktase 113
    nanos 145 ff Ngro/ 199
    Nicotin-Oxidase 199
    odd-paired 149
    odd-skipped 149
    oriC 20,49
    oskar 83, 130, 132 f paired 149
    patched 146
    P-Element 190 f, 199
    Phe-Operon 112
    Pilusprotein (pilV) 100
    pol 156, 190, 191
    Porphobilinogen-Deaminase 113
    Positive regulatory Factor A (PrfA) 128
    proboscipedia 148 f Release Factor 2 (prfB) 93
    Retrotransposons 190
    rhomboid 145 ff Riboflavin-(Rib-)Operon 112, 128
    Regulatorproteine 115
    ROSE 128
    R-Plasmid R100 39
    rpoH 128
    rRNA 62, 76, 98, 109, 178, 183, 194
    runt 145 f, 149
    Schwanzproteine (Bakteriophage) 100
    Sex combs reduced 146, 148 f Sex-Determining Region of Y-Chromosome (SRY) 141
    SINEs 190, 199
    snail 145, 147
    Sxl 107
    tailless 145 f T-DNA 199
    Telomere 22
    terC 49
    Thiamin-(Thi-)Operon 128
    Thr-Operon 112
    Thymidin-Kinase 179
    Thyroidhormonrezeptor (erbA a) 162
    Tn3 26
    tolloid 145 ff Transferrinrezeptor 1 (TfRl) 130
    Transposase (tnp) 162
    Transposons 190
    tRNA 178
    trpA 110
    trpB 110
    trpC 110
    trpD 110
    trpE 110
    Trp-Operon 62,110,112
    Tsix 107
    Tubuline (btubA, btubB) 199
    twist 145 ff Tyl 190
    U6-snRNA 178
    Ultrabithorax 148 f Variant Surface Glycoprotein (CSG) 99
    Vitellogenin 123
    wingless 146, 149
    Xist 107
    zerknüllt 145 ff
    Ç